Preparation and characterization of artemether-loaded niosomes in Leishmania major-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent form of leishmaniasis worldwide. Although various anti-leishmanial regimens have been considered, due to the lack of efficacy or occurrence of adverse reactions, design and development of novel topical delivery systems would be essential. This study aimed to prepare artemether (ART)-loaded niosomes and evaluate their anti-leishmanial effects against Leishmania major.

Development of New PCR Protocols to Detect Genetic Diversity in the Metronidazole Metabolism Genes in Susceptible and Refractory Clinical Samples of Giardia duodenalis.

Purpose: Investigating the genetic variation in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and nitroreductase (NR) genes in both treatment-resistant and -sensitive Giardia duodenalis isolates can provide valuable information in identifying potential markers of resistance to metronidazole. The rapid increase in metronidazole treatment failures suggests the presence of genetic resistance mechanisms. By analyzing these genes, researchers can gain insights into the efficacy of metronidazole against G.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of larval secretions on .

The emerging of drug resistant against parasites prompts scientists to seek for novel therapeutic strategies against theses infectious protozoan parasites. Among different strategies, the use of larvae secretions could be suggested as a possible therapy with low side effects. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of larval secretions on , the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).

Molecular diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based Papanicolaou samples in Shiraz, southern Iran.

Background: Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection of the urinary and genital tract, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. This study aimed to investigate the molecular diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection in liquid-based Papanicolaou samples in Shiraz, southern Iran.

Use of Recombinant CP2 and CP23 Antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum for Serodiagnosis of Human Cryptosporidiosis.

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is an important coccidian parasite infecting many mammals, including human. This parasite can manifest as chronic severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS. The present study reports the recombinant production of recombinant (r)P2 and rP23 antigens of C.

The level of interleukin-17, 23, and gamma interferon in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients before and after intra lesion treatment.

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic vector-borne disease that is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical districts. The immune system response is one of the most important factors that has affected parasitic treatment. In this research, the production of IL-17 (Interleukin 17), IL-23 (Interleukin 23), and IFN-ɤ (Interferon-gamma) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by before and after treatment were compared to evaluate their roles in the recovery process.

Occurrence, genetic characterization, and zoonotic importance of Giardia duodenalis in various species of rodents (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus).

Giardia duodenalis is a well-known flagellated parasite and the causative agent of protozoal diarrhea in animals and humans worldwide. Current study was aimed at determination of G. duodenalis prevalence, genetic variation and zoonotic significance in various species of rodents in Shiraz, southwestern Iran.

In vitro effect of artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) on .

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an acute and deadly form of leishmaniasis, caused by parasite. Due to the toxicity and side effects of conventional treatment options, such as glucantime and other pentavalent drugs, finding novel drugs with fewer adverse effects is required. Artemether (ART), is one of the derivatives of artemisinin, which was shown to be effective in treating malaria and more recently, leishmaniasis.

Artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, characterization, and evaluation of effect on .

Background And Purpose: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a global health problem. The discovery of new and highly efficient anti-leishmanial treatments with lower toxicity is globally needed. The current study was carried out to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of artemether (ART) and ART-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ART-NLCs) against promastigotes and amastigotes of .

Expression of Hexokinase in the Proteome Profile of and Crithidia.

Objective: The relationship between drug resistance and the expression of hexokinase (HK) has been indicated in leishmaniasis. According to the prolonged treatment period in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients co-infected with in Iran, this study aims to investigate the expression of HK in the proteome of and using a proteomic approach.

Methods: A total of 205 samples were removed from the lesions of patients in Fars province, Iran, for the characterization of and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

High Prevalence of Infection in Type I Diabetic Patients.

Background: Type I diabetes (TDM) is a genetic or autoimmune disorder, which may be stimulated by induced immune system components due to the underlying infectious diseases. This study was undertaken to find out any possible association between infection and TIDM.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and eighty-two blood samples were taken from individuals who were referred to outpatient clinics in Shiraz city, Southern Iran, during a 6-month period.

First molecular subtyping and phylogeny of Blastocystis sp. isolated from domestic and synanthropic animals (dogs, cats and brown rats) in southern Iran.

Background: Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist that infects humans and many animals globally. Thus far, 22 subtypes (STs) have been identified in mammalian and avian hosts.

Alarming: high prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in cats from southern Iran based on molecular and serological methods.

Recently, Leishmania infantum has increasingly been detected in stray cats in endemic regions of the world. Cats have been considered playing a role in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniosis, an endemic zoonosis in Iran. The studies concerning feline leishmaniosis (FeL) allow the hypothesis that cats can be considered as potential reservoirs.

DNA-based detection of and species isolated from humans in cutaneous and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis from Shiraz and Kharameh, southern Iran.

Background & Objectives: Leishmania major and L. tropica are the main pathogens of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in several rural and some urban regions of Iran, respectively. The aim of this study was to detect Leishmania species, and update the distribution data of these species in humans suspected to CL in two endemic foci in southern Iran.

Molecular Identification of Species Caused Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Zone of Iran.

Background: and are two main species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran. Recently, spp. has also been reported in the wound of patients with CL.

Thermotolerant spp. isolated from recreational water in Gorgan City, north of Iran.

as free-living parasites are scattered ubiquitously, throughout the world. This study was aimed to evaluate the presence of spp. genotypes in the recreational water sources in Gorgan County, the capital of Golestan Province using both morphological and molecular approaches.

Leishmania cytochrome b gene sequence polymorphisms in southern Iran: relationships with different cutaneous clinical manifestations.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania species, is a geographically extensive disease that infects humans and animals. CL is endemic in half of the 31 provinces of Iran, with 29,201 incidence cases reported in Fars province from 2010 to 2015. CL is polymorphic and may result in lesions characterized by different clinical features.

Bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies species (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their natural infection with and in Fars province, southern Iran.

Phlebotominae sand flies are involved in human diseases, such as leishmaniasis, and cause a considerable number of deaths every year. Besides, some of them have been identified as allergen sources or the potential mechanical vectors related to nosocomial infections. The present study aimed to assess the monthly activity, fauna, and detection of protozoan agents in phlebotomine sand flies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in re-emerging zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci of Shiraz and Kharameh in Fars province, southern Iran during 2016-2017.

Molecular and Serological Detection of in Stray Cats in Shiraz, South-central, Iran.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease that causes critical medical complications in neonates and immunocompromised persons. Infection rates in cats, specifically stray cats, are believed to be the best sentry of the level of in the environment. Therefore, in this study, we surveyed infection in stray cats of Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran.

Preparation of meglumine antimonate loaded albumin nanoparticles and evaluation of its anti-leishmanial activity: an in vitro assay.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a health problem worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Currently, pentavalent antimony compounds are used to treat leishmaniasis. These compounds cause various side effects in the body.