Effect of 50-Hz magnetic fields on the expression of activation-induced deaminase, B-cell lymphoma 6 and serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-21.

Background: Investigations showed different effects of magnetic fields (MFs) on the immune system. During humoral immune responses, genes of activation-induced deaminase (AID) and B-cell lymphoma-6 (Bcl-6) are expressed and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-21 are produced. These factors play significant roles in class switching, affinity maturation of antibodies and activations of B cells germinal centers (GCs).

Impact of interleukin-32α on T helper cell-related cytokines, transcription factors, and proliferation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The ability of interleukin (IL)-32α to induce T helper (Th) 1, Th17, and Treg cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], IL-17, and IL-10, respectively), and transcription factors ([signal transducer and activator of transcription () 1 and () for Th1, and retinoid-related orphan receptor () for Th17, and and forkhead box P3 () for Treg]) were investigated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). IL-32α effects on Th cell proliferation and related factors including IL-2 and were also explored.

Methods: Serum levels of IL-32α in 31 patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs) were determined by ELISA assay.

Effect of 50-Hz Magnetic Fields on Serum IL-1β and IL-23 and Expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4.

Investigations demonstrated that magnetic fields (MFs) change cytokine production and expression of some immune system genes. This alteration can affect the immune system function and may lead to some diseases. Therefore, this study investigated two important inflammatory cytokines, i.