Comparison of Combined Guidance of Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography in Total Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with the Standard Method: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: Utilizing the combination of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) to minimize radiation exposure.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 118 patients with urinary stones who were candidates for PCNL surgery in the prone position were selected and divided into two groups (with an allocation ratio of 1:1). Cases were grouped according to whether ultrasonography was used for renal tract dilation and Amplatz sheath placement.

The lack of correlation between mast cells and microvessel density with pathologic feature of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: The growth of solid tumors requires angiogenesis. Evidence indicates that mast cells (MCs) play an important role in tumor angiogenesis but results are not definitive. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of angiogenesis and the presence of MCs on the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).