Anthropometry relationship with duodenal histologic features of children with environmental enteric dysfunction: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a precursor of growth faltering in children living in impoverished conditions who are frequently exposed to environmental toxins and enteropathogens, leading to small bowel inflammatory, malabsorptive, and permeability derangements and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation.

Objectives: We explored the association between anthropometrics and duodenal histologic features of EED among children from 3 lower middle-income country centers.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Pakistani children (n = 63) with wasting, Bangladesh children (n = 116) with stunting or at risk for stunting (height-for-age Z score [HAZ] <-1 but ≥-2), and Zambian children (n = 108) with wasting or stunting received nutritional intervention.

Fully automated sinogram-based deep learning model for detection and classification of intracranial hemorrhage.

Purpose: To propose an automated approach for detecting and classifying Intracranial Hemorrhages (ICH) directly from sinograms using a deep learning framework. This method is proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional diagnosis by eliminating the time-consuming reconstruction step and minimizing the potential noise and artifacts that can occur during the Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction process.

Methods: This study proposes a two-stage automated approach for detecting and classifying ICH from sinograms using a deep learning framework.

Nitriles with High Gas-Phase Basicity-Part II Transmission of the Push-Pull Effect through Methylenecyclopropene and Cyclopropenimine Scaffolds Intercalated between Different Electron Donor(s) and the Cyano N-Protonation Site.

This work extends our earlier quantum chemical studies on the gas-phase basicity of very strong N-bases to two series of nitriles containing the methylenecyclopropene and cyclopropenimine scaffolds with dissymmetrical substitution by one or two electron-donating substituents such as Me, NR, N=C (NR), and N=P (NR), the last three being strong donors. For a proper prediction of their gas-phase base properties, all potential isomeric phenomena and reasonable potential protonation sites are considered to avoid possible inconsistencies when evaluating the energetic parameters and associated protonation or deprotonation equilibria B + H = BH. More than 250 new isomeric structures for neutral and protonated forms are analyzed.

Bacteriophage Proteome: Insights and Potentials of an Alternate to Antibiotics.

Introduction: The mounting incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the dearth of novel antibiotics demand alternate therapies to manage the infections caused by resistant superbugs. Bacteriophages and phage=derived proteins are considered as potential alternates to treat such infections, and have several applications in health care systems. The aim of this review is to explore the hidden potential of bacteriophage proteins which may be a practical alternative approach to manage the threat of antibiotic resistance.

Cardioprotective Efficacy of (L.) Seed Extract in Heart Failure Rats Through Modulation of Endothelin Receptors and Antioxidant Potential.

The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of extract in isoproterenol-induced heart failure (HF) in Wistar rats. Two weeks after the isoproterenol administration, rats developed severe impairment in left ventricular functions, reduced baroreflex sensitivity, and significant alteration in hemodynamic parameters and lipid profile. HF rats also exhibited enhanced lipid peroxidation and increased expression of endothelin receptors (ET and ET).

Ameliorative Effect of Beraprost Sodium on Celecoxib Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats.

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are most widely used analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs; however, its maximal use is highly associated with various serious abnormal cardiovascular events. Beraprost sodium (BPS), prostacyclin analogue has been shown to vasodilatory, antiplatelates, anti-inflmmatory, and antioxidant activity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of BPS on celecoxib cardiotoxicity in rats.

Autism gene Ube3a and seizures impair sociability by repressing VTA Cbln1.

Maternally inherited 15q11-13 chromosomal triplications cause a frequent and highly penetrant type of autism linked to increased gene dosages of UBE3A, which encodes a ubiquitin ligase with transcriptional co-regulatory functions. Here, using in vivo mouse genetics, we show that increasing UBE3A in the nucleus downregulates the glutamatergic synapse organizer Cbln1, which is needed for sociability in mice. Epileptic seizures also repress Cbln1 and are found to expose sociability impairments in mice with asymptomatic increases in UBE3A.

Folic acid ameliorates celecoxib cardiotoxicity in a doxorubicin heart failure rat model.

Context: The cardiotoxic effect of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors is well known. While rofecoxib and valdecoxib have been withdrawn, celecoxib remains on the market. Folic acid, a naturally occurring vitamin, has been shown to reduce myocardial ischemia and post-reperfusion injury in rats.

Deterioration of epithelium mediated mechanisms in diabetic-antigen sensitized airways of guinea pigs.

Background: The onset of diabetes causes disruption of respiratory epithelial mediators. The present study investigates whether diabetes modifies the epithelium mediated bronchial responses in hyper-reactive airway smooth muscle (ASM) primarily through nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase (COX), and epithelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EpDHF) pathways.

Methods: Experimental model of guinea pigs having hyper-reactive airways with or without diabetes were developed.

Effects of a novel ACE inhibitor, 3-(3-thienyl)-l-alanyl-ornithyl-proline, on endothelial vasodilation and hepatotoxicity in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a widespread biological mediator involved in many physiological and pathological processes, eg, in the regulation of vascular tone and hypertension. Chronic inhibition of NO synthase by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) hydrochloride results in the development of hypertension accompanied by an increase in vascular responsiveness to adrenergic stimuli. Recently, we developed a novel sulfur-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: 3-(3-thienyl)-l-alanyl-ornithyl-proline (TOP).

Efficacy of a Newly Designed Cephalometric Analysis Software for McNamara Analysis in Comparison with Dolphin Software.

Objectives: Cephalometric norms of McNamara analysis have been studied in various populations due to their optimal efficiency. Dolphin cephalometric software greatly enhances the conduction of this analysis for orthodontic measurements. However, Dolphin is very expensive and cannot be afforded by many clinicians in developing countries.

Onset of diabetes modulates the airway smooth muscle reactivity of guinea pigs: role of epithelial mediators.

Background: Diabetes induces lung dysfunction, leading to alteration in the pulmonary functions. Our aim was to investigate whether the early stage of diabetes alters the epithelium-dependent bronchial responses and whether nitric oxide (NO), KATP channels and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways contribute in this effect.

Methods: Guinea pigs were treated with a single injection of streptozotocin (180 mg/kg, i.

categoryCompare, an analytical tool based on feature annotations.

Assessment of high-throughput-omics data initially focuses on relative or raw levels of a particular feature, such as an expression value for a transcript, protein, or metabolite. At a second level, analyses of annotations including known or predicted functions and associations of each individual feature, attempt to distill biological context. Most currently available comparative- and meta-analyses methods are dependent on the availability of identical features across data sets, and concentrate on determining features that are differentially expressed across experiments, some of which may be considered "biomarkers.

Advantages and limitations of anticipating laboratory test results from regression- and tree-based rules derived from electronic health-record data.

Laboratory testing is the single highest-volume medical activity, making it useful to ask how well one can anticipate whether a given test result will be high, low, or within the reference interval ("normal"). We analyzed 10 years of electronic health records--a total of 69.4 million blood tests--to see how well standard rule-mining techniques can anticipate test results based on patient age and gender, recent diagnoses, and recent laboratory test results.

Nitric oxide and prostaglandin as mediators in the pathogenesis of hyperkinetic circulatory state in a model of endotoxemia-induced portal hypertension.

Aims: To evaluate the participation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGI2) on hyperdynamic state in endotoxemia-induced portal hypertension (EIP) induced by chronic endotoxemia.

Methods: The portal pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded, in vivo before and after administration of L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) and indomethacin (specific blocker of COX). The vasoactive responses to acetylcholine of thoracic rat aortic rings were studied in vitro before and after nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase blockade using multichannel organ bath.

Improvement in myocardial function by Terminalia arjuna in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: possible mechanisms.

Vascular complications are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic potential of Terminalia arjuna bark extract in improving myocardial function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

AbsIDconvert: an absolute approach for converting genetic identifiers at different granularities.

Background: High-throughput molecular biology techniques yield vast amounts of data, often by detecting small portions of ribonucleotides corresponding to specific identifiers. Existing bioinformatic methodologies categorize and compare these elements using inferred descriptive annotation given this sequence information irrespective of the fact that it may not be representative of the identifier as a whole.

Results: All annotations, no matter the granularity, can be aligned to genomic sequences and therefore annotated by genomic intervals.

Abnormal baroreflex function is dissociated from central angiotensin II receptor expression in chronic heart failure.

Neurohumoral disturbances characterize chronic heart failure (CHF) and are reflected, in part, as impairment of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and sympathetic function. However, the mechanisms that trigger these neurohumoral abnormalities in CHF are not clear. We hypothesized that the BRS is blunted early in CHF and that the humoral effects occur later and contribute to progressive loss of cardiovascular control in CHF.

Efficacy of tadalafil in chronic hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension: possible mechanisms.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of long-acting phosphodiesterase five inhibitor, tadalafil, on pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypobaric hypoxia in rats. Adult Albino Wistar rats were exposed to 2 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia for 8 h daily and treated with tadalafil or tempol, a standard antioxidant agent. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was taken as an index for pulmonary arterial pressure; malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase were chosen as the markers of oxidative stress; serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and inflammatory changes in lungs were assessed for inflammation.

Cardiac autonomic function in acutely nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats: role of the sympathetic nervous system and oxidative stress.

We evaluated the role of the sympathetic nervous system and oxidative stress in hemodynamic and autonomic control after acute inhibition of the synthesis of nitric oxide, using intravenous (i.v.) injection of 30 mg·kg(-1) N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in adult Wistar rats.

Terminalia arjuna enhances baroreflex sensitivity and myocardial function in isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure rats.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by left ventricular (LV) dysfunction along with impaired autonomic control functions. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The present study was designed to examine the protective effect of Terminalia arjuna (T arjuna) bark extract on LV and baroreflex function in CHF and to elucidate the possible mechanistic clues in its cardioprotective action.

Protective role of melatonin in myocardial oxidative damage induced by mercury in murine model.

This study was designed to investigate the electrophysiological, hemodynamic and biochemical parameters of mercuric chloride and methylmercury exposure on cardiovascular functions and its modulation by melatonin in vivo. Wistar albino rats were divided into six group containing 10 animals each. Mercuric chloride (3.

Mechanistic clues in the cardioprotective effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract in isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure in rats.

The present study demonstrated prophylactic and therapeutic potential of Terminalia arjuna bark extract in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF). Fifteen days after injection of ISO (85 mg/kg twice at an interval of 24 h, s.c), rats showed decline in maximal rate of rise and fall of left ventricular pressure (LV (dP/dt)(max) and LV (dP/dt)(min)), cardiac contractility index (LV (dP/dt)(max)/LVP), cardiac output and rise in LV end-diastolic pressure.

Lipotab, a polyherbal formulation, attenuates isoprenaline-induced left ventricular remodeling and heart failure in rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Lipotab, a polyherbal formulation on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced left ventricular (LV) remodeling and heart failure (HF). HF in Wistar albino rats was produced by two consecutive injections of ISO (150 mg/kg, s.c.

Epileptic seizure-induced hypertension and its prevention by calcium channel blockers: a real-time study in conscious telemetered rats.

Epileptic seizures are accompanied by changes in autonomic function that in turn influence the cardiovascular system (hypertension and bradyarrhythmia). We have studied possible cardioprotective activity (during the ictal state in conscious animals) of valproic acid, nifedipine, and verapamil, alone and in combination, during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Telemetry system was used for recording EEG, blood pressure, and heart rate in conscious, freely moving rats during seizures.