Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a primary presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, management strategies, and clinical outcome.

Background: Causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea could be divided into primary (spontaneous) and secondary (head trauma and iatrogenic). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has emerged as a cause for spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea but is still underestimated, may be overlooked and needs special consideration in management. The objective of this study is to demonstrate spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea as the primary presentation of IIH and explore the algorithm of management.

SLA-MLP: Enhancing Sleep Stage Analysis from EEG Signals Using Multilayer Perceptron Networks.

: Sleep stage analysis is considered to be the key factor for understanding and diagnosing various sleep disorders, as it provides insights into sleep quality and overall health. : Traditional methods of sleep stage classification, such as manual scoring and basic machine learning approaches, often suffer from limitations including subjective biases, limited scalability, and inadequate accuracy. Existing deep learning models have improved the accuracy of sleep stage classification but still face challenges such as overfitting, computational inefficiencies, and difficulties in handling imbalanced datasets.

Changes of blood cholinesterase activities among pesticides-exposed agricultural workers in Iraq: A meta-analysis.

Numerous studies in Iraq have attempted to determine blood cholinesterase (ChE) activities with varying results in agricultural workers and veterinarians exposed to pesticides. This meta-analysis answers the specific inquiry of whether or not blood ChE activities decrease in agricultural workers exposed previously to pesticides. The meta-analysis included 14 records of blood ChE activities extracted from 12 studies after employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).

Peripheral inflammatory and metabolic markers as potential biomarkers in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Insights from a Qatari Cohort.

Schizophrenia presents significant diagnostic and treatment challenges, particularly in distinguishing between treatment-resistant (TRS) and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (NTRS). This cross-sectional study analyzed routine laboratory parameters as potential biomarkers to differentiate TRS, NTRS, and healthy individuals within a Qatari cohort. The study included 31 TRS and 38 NTRS patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, alongside 30 control subjects from the Qatar Biobank.

Dopamine neurons that inform Drosophila olfactory memory have distinct, acute functions driving attraction and aversion.

The brain must guide immediate responses to beneficial and harmful stimuli while simultaneously writing memories for future reference. While both immediate actions and reinforcement learning are instructed by dopamine, how dopaminergic systems maintain coherence between these 2 reward functions is unknown. Through optogenetic activation experiments, we showed that the dopamine neurons that inform olfactory memory in Drosophila have a distinct, parallel function driving attraction and aversion (valence).

Primary orbital and adnexal rhabdomyosarcoma: a study of 54 Asian Indian patients.

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of orbital and adnexal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in an Asian-Indian cohort and analyze the factors predictive of outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of 54 patients of histopathology-proven RMS.

Results: The mean age of presentation with RMS was 10 years (median, 7 years; range, <1-54 years).

Tumor organoids improve mutation detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents challenges in detecting somatic mutations due to its complex cellular composition. This study investigated the utility of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to overcome these obstacles and enhance somatic mutation identification. Surgically resected PDAC tumors and their paired PDOs from 21 patients were examined.

Glycine betaine: A multifaceted protectant against salt stress in Indian mustard through ionic homeostasis, ROS scavenging and osmotic regulation.

Salt stress is a prevalent environmental issue that disrupts the redox balance and metabolic processes in plants, leading to reduced crop growth and productivity. Currently, over 6.74 million hectares in India are salt-affected, and about 75% of this land lies in states that are the major cultivators of edible oilseed crops (rapeseed-mustard).

Minimally invasive spleen-preserving surgery to treat primary splenic hydatidosis: short and long-term outcomes: a cohort study.

Background: Primary splenic hydatidosis, a rare manifestation of Echinococcus granulosus infection, presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study compares spleen-preserving surgeries with total splenectomy for treating primary splenic hydatid cysts, focusing on short- and long-term outcomes in the Jordanian context, a region particularly affected by this condition.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on 18 patients diagnosed with primary splenic hydatid cysts at two Jordanian hospitals from January 2015 to June 2021.

Improving privacy-preserving multi-faceted long short-term memory for accurate evaluation of encrypted time-series MRI images in heart disease.

In therapeutic diagnostics, early diagnosis and monitoring of heart disease is dependent on fast time-series MRI data processing. Robust encryption techniques are necessary to guarantee patient confidentiality. While deep learning (DL) algorithm have improved medical imaging, privacy and performance are still hard to balance.

Enhancing wireless communication systems through large intelligent surfaces: a performance analysis of LIS-assisted NOMA networks.

The integration of large intelligent surfaces (LIS) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless communication systems. In this study, we analyse the performance of a NOMA network with the assistance of LIS. We propose a system model where a base station (BS) equipped with a LIS serves multiple users.

Sigmoid and cecum colon volvulus: a case report.

Introduction: Colon volvulus is the twisting of a segment of colon on its mesenteric axis, which can lead to the obstruction of the lumen and the blood supply. Colon volvulus is common in "volvulus belt" countries and can involve the sigmoid (60-70%) and cecum (25-40%).

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 47-year-old male, Alawites, who presented with bowel obstruction and dilated abdomen without any specific abdominal pain.

The Potential Risk of Reduced Serum Cholinesterase Activity in COVID-19 Patients Suffering From Cytokine Storm.

Background and objective Several blood biochemical parameters are used to biomonitor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Reduced serum cholinesterase (ChE) has been suggested to be a predictive indicator of the severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to examine serum ChE activity in hospitalized and terminally ill COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm and evaluate the enzyme for the in vitro ChE-inhibitory activity of the organophosphate dichlorvos.

Designing optimal prototype filters for maximally decimated Cosine Modulated filter banks with rapid convergence.

An analytic design of a prototype filter for M-channel maximally decimated cosine-modulated Near Perfect Reconstruction (NPR) filter banks is proposed in this work. The prototype filter is created using the least-square (CLS) method with weighted constraints, which is one-dimensional and requires single-parameter optimization. Compared to existing approaches, this suggested method achieves rapid convergence by analytically determining the optimal step size, ensuring the 3 dB cutoff frequency at π/2 M.

Evaluation of fruit attenuation impact on the cardiomyopathy of the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

, commonly known as chayote is known for its low glycemic index, high fiber content, and rich nutritional profile, which suggests it may be beneficial for individuals with diabetes. While research specifically examining the impact of chayote on diabetes is limited, this study screened its biological impacts by using different biomarkers on streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-ID) rats. The ethanolic extract of the fruits was assessed for different phytochemical, biochemical, and anti-diabetic properties.

Anti-HSV activity of nectin-1-derived peptides targeting HSV gD: an and approach.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections affect a wide range of the global population. The emergence of resistance to the existing anti-HSV therapy highlights the necessity for an innovative strategy. The interaction of HSV gD with its main host receptor nectin-1 is a potential target for new antiviral drugs.

Misdiagnosed Asthma Turned Out to Be Bronchial Fibroepithelial Polyp: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Bronchial fibroepithelial polyps are exceedingly rare with few cases have been reported. They can manifest with a wide array of symptoms; ranging from being totally asymptomatic, cough, refractory dyspnea, and hemoptysis. In our case, our patient's condition was diagnosed and was managed as asthma.

Neuronal mechanisms regulating locomotion in adult Drosophila.

The coordinated action of multiple leg joints and muscles is required even for the simplest movements. Understanding the neuronal circuits and mechanisms that generate precise movements is essential for comprehending the neuronal basis of the locomotion and to infer the neuronal mechanisms underlying several locomotor-related diseases. Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model system for investigating the neuronal circuits underlying motor behaviors due to its simple nervous system and genetic accessibility.

Are the Radiological and Molecular Features of Pediatric Medulloblastomas Valuable Prognostic Indicators? A 10-Year Retrospective Review in the Middle East.

Background: Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in the pediatric population. Based on the idea that tumors with identical radio-genomic features should behave similarly, the 4 molecular subtypes are now widely accepted as a guide for the management and prognosis. The radiological features of medulloblastomas can predict the molecular subtype; thus, anticipating the subsequent disease progression.

Significant Increase in the Dipole Moment of Graphene on Functionalization: DFT Calculations and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The limited solubility of graphene in water can be attributed to the existence of π-π bonds connecting its layers. Functionalized graphene or graphene oxide (GO) is frequently produced in order to overcome the shortcomings of graphene. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculation, functionalized graphene with various combinations of hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxylic functional groups were investigated computationally.

HARNet in deep learning approach-a systematic survey.

A comprehensive examination of human action recognition (HAR) methodologies situated at the convergence of deep learning and computer vision is the subject of this article. We examine the progression from handcrafted feature-based approaches to end-to-end learning, with a particular focus on the significance of large-scale datasets. By classifying research paradigms, such as temporal modelling and spatial features, our proposed taxonomy illuminates the merits and drawbacks of each.

Significance and implications of FHIT gene expression and promoter hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Background: Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) has been documented to play a vital role in various cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Keeping in view the plausible role of FHIT gene, we aimed to examine DNA promoter hypermethylation and mRNA expression in ALL cases in Kashmir (North India).

Methods: A total of 66 cases of ALL were analyzed for FHIT mRNA expression and promoter methylation by qRT-PCR and Methylation Specific-PCR (MS-PCR) respectively.