Combined office-based and home-based orthoptic training in the management of intermittent exotropia in children: a randomized clinical trial.

: To compare the effect of combinational office-based and home-based orthoptic training regimens with part-time patching in participants with intermittent exotropia. : In a randomized clinical trial study, patients with a diagnosis of IXT were involved and randomly assigned to three groups. Patients in the control group were followed with part-time patch therapy.

Transient eye closure and ocular preference in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To assess the relationship of sensory and motor ocular dominance to transient eye closure (TEC) under bright light conditions in patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Forty patients (age range, 7-40 years) with intermittent exotropia were included in this prospective study. Motor and sensory ocular dominance were evaluated using the hole-in-the-card and Worth 4-Dot tests.

Minimal Invasive Procedures in Strabismus Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: To review the principles and different techniques of minimally invasive procedures in strabismus surgery.

Methods: This is a narrative review on minimally invasive procedures in strabismus surgery including general aspects and different new modifications on conventional strabismus surgery. We reviewed 24 articles published between 1993 and 2020.

Orbital Cholesterol Granuloma: Report of Two Cases.

Purpose: To report two rare cases of orbital cholesterol granuloma (CG) presenting with ptosis and proptosis.

Methods: The first case was a 31-year-old male presented with progressive ptosis of the left eye (LE) during the past year and the second case was a 35-year-old male presented with proptosis of the right eye (RE) for 5 months ago. Orbital computed tomography revealed a cystic well-demarcated lesion in the superotemporal orbit with adjacent bone erosion in the LE of the first case and the RE of the second case.

Three-dimensional (3D) Visualization Educational Modeling for Ophthalmology Residents' Training: Viewpoints.

Three-dimensional models are used to guide residents and physicians in accessing specific anatomical areas and types of fractures and better diagnosis of anomalies. These models are useful for illuminating complex anatomical areas, such as orbit, especially limited space with sensitive access. The aim of this study was to design a three-dimensional visualization educational modeling for ophthalmology residents' training.

Visual outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy in non-children with anisometropic amblyopia: One-year Follow-up Outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficiency, short term stability, and sensory results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in anisometropic in non-compliant children with correction.

Methods: Twelve eyes of 12 children with an age range: 6-17 years and anisometropic amblyopia who underwent PRK under general anesthesia to correct the dioptric difference between the eyes were included in this study. A complete ophthalmic assessment including refractive status, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA & CDVA), and binocular vision status using the Worth 4-dot test and stereopsis were performed before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PRK.

3D Printed Models for Teaching Orbital Anatomy, Anomalies and Fractures.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of using 3D printing models in the learning process of orbital anatomy and pathology by ophthalmology residents.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed with 24 residents of ophthalmology at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Each stratum was randomized into two groups.

Comparison of binocular game and patching in treating mild to moderate anisometropic amblyopia: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Amblyopia, as a neurodevelopmental preventable visual disorder, affects approximately 1.1 % in Asia. A binocular approach to treating amblyopia has been recently proposed.

Antitumor Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Human Malignant Glioblastoma Cells.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring non-proteinogenic amino acid, which contributes to the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether 5-ALA exerted cytotoxic effects on GBM cells. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis rate, mRNA expressions of various apoptosis-related genes, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and migration ability of the human U-87 malignant GBM cell line (U87MG) treated with 5-ALA at different doses.

Detection of SARS-coronavirus-2 in the central nervous system of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and seizures.

This study was designed to evaluate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can directly target the central nervous system (CNS). We present four patients suffering from the loss of consciousness and seizure during the clinical course of COVID-19 infection. In addition to positive nasopharyngeal swab tests, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in their cerebrospinal fluid.

Minimal invasive vertical muscle transposition for the treatment of large angle exotropia due to congenital medial rectus hypoplasia: Case Report and Literature Review.

Reports of isolated anomalies of the medial rectus (MR) muscle in literature are sparse. It has been identified as a subtype of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder that affects the normal development of brainstem motor neurons. Herein, we report a 37-year-old male presented with large-angle exotropia since the birth of right eye with palpebral fissure widening.

Educational concern of surgical technology students in the operating room: A grounded theory study.

Introduction: Bachelor's program in surgical technology is a major of medical science, in Iran. Learning and adapting to different skills and roles in the operation room environment is a daunting work. The complexity of this environment needs to bring together researchers in this field to work on different aspects.

Induced Myopia Secondary to Blunt Trauma.

A 28-year-old young man presented with sudden and severe visual loss in the left eye, starting three days ago following blunt head trauma from a closed fist. Vision was not improved to better than 0.4 in the left eye.

Refractive outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in comparison to spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

: To assess refractive errors in preterm infants following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to compare it with premature babies with spontaneous regressed ROP.: Eighty seven premature infants were included in this study, comprising group1: 38 infants who underwent IVB monotherapy, and group2: 49 infants with spontaneously regressed ROP. Cycloplegic refraction was performed for all infants at 1-year adjusted age and the refractive outcome was compared between the groups.

Sclerotherapy for eyelid and anterior orbital venous-lymphatic malformation.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS; Fibrovein 1%) in superficial periocular venous and lymphatic malformations.

Methods: Eleven patients with low-flow venous and lymphatic malformations with extension predominantly to the eyelids, conjunctiva, and anterior orbit were selected. Sclerotherapy with STS was undertaken as an office-based procedure without any radiological guidance.

The Effect of Cycloplegia on the Ocular Biometric and Anterior Segment Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: To evaluate the effects of cycloplegia on the biometric components and anterior segment parameters of the eye.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, changes to axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) lens thickness, anterior chamber angle (ACA) and volume, corneal thickness in the pupil center (PC), corneal curvature (CC) and white-to-white (WTW) following cycloplegia induced by tropicamide 1% in 42 eyes of patients aged 23-58 years were assessed. Biometric components and anterior segment parameters were measured using an IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and a Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), respectively.

A modified vertical muscle transposition for the treatment of large-angle esotropia due to sixth nerve palsy.

Introduction: Multiple different procedures have been proposed to address complete sixth nerve palsy with severe abduction limitation. In this study, we report a modification of the Hummelsheim's procedure. It is in fact muscle pulley transposition that obviates the need for tenotomy or muscle splitting.

Implantation of Customized, Preshaped Implant for Orbital Fractures with the Aid of Three-dimensional Printing.

Orbital floor fractures alone or in conjunction with other facial skeletal fractures are the most commonly encountered midfacial fractures. The technological advances in 3-dimensional (3D) printing allow the physical prototyping of 3D models, so creates an accurate representation of the patient's specific anatomy. A 56-year-old Caucasian man with severe hypoglobus and enophthalmos with an extensive blowout fracture was scheduled for reconstruction.

The challenges of clinical education in a baccalaureate surgical technology students in Iran: a qualitative study.

Background: Clinical education is an integral part of the surgical technology curriculum, in which students combine and integrate knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and philosophies of the profession. It is difficult to learn and adapt to different types of skills and roles in the operating room environment.

Objective: This qualitative study examines the difference between the clinical education of Surgical Technology and other clinical settings, and the challenges faced by students in the field, within the course.

Effect of Induced Vertical Disparity on Horizontal Fusional Reserves.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of induced vertical disparity on horizontal fusional reserves at near.

Materials And Methods: In 170 healthy subjects wearing best corrective refraction, the negative and positive horizontal fusional reserves were measured with base-in (BI) and base-out (BO) prisms, respectively, in the presence of 0.5 prism diopters () and 1 vertical prisms placed in trial frames in front of the right eye.

Traumatic optic neuropathy treatment trial (TONTT): open label, phase 3, multicenter, semi-experimental trial.

Purpose: Intravenously administered erythropoietin (EPO) was firstly commenced (phase 1) in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) by this group in 2011. It was re-tested by another group (phase 2) in 2014. This multicenter clinical trial was designed to compare its effect with intravenous steroid and observation.

Efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of intermittent exotropia.

Background: Multiple surgical interventions are burden to patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) due to a high recurrence rate. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Method: A total of 21 patients with IXT, who had a far deviation of less than 40 prism diopters (PD), were enrolled.

Comparing open and closed techniques of frontalis suspension with silicone rod for the treatment congenital blepharoptosis.

Purpose: To compare open and closed methods of the frontalis suspension operation with a silicone rod in the treatment of congenital blepharoptosis.

Methods: Forty-four cases with unilateral or bilateral congenital ptosis with a poor levator function of < 4 mm were divided randomly into two groups. Each group underwent an eyelid crease incision operation (open) or a supralash stab incision (closed).