Pediatric hemodialysis access.

Pediatric hemodialysis access is a demanding field. Procedures are infrequent, technically challenging, and associated with high complication and failure rates. Each procedure affects subsequent access and transplants sites.

Rehabilitation in Bangladesh.

Physical rehabilitation medicine started in Bangladesh 50 years ago, but there is no documentary evidence stating its origin, history of progression as a specialty, and work with agenda items. A gap exists between disability-related health and participation, which affects service delivery systems offered to persons with disability (PwD). Disability prevalence ranges from 0.

Feasibility of 4% Topical Lidocaine for Pain Management During Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Dressing Changes in Pediatric Patients: A Case Study.

Background: Opioid analgesics such as morphine are frequently used for pain management in pediatric patients undergoing dressing changes for negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). While these medications reduce associated pain, they are also associated with adverse side effects ranging from constipation, headache, and dizziness to respiratory depression, chest wall rigidity, and death. Alternative analgesic approaches are needed for pediatric patients undergoing NPWT.

Silver-impregnated hydrofiber dressing followed by delayed surgical closure for management of infants born with giant omphaloceles.

Objective: We successfully employed silver-impregnated hydrofiber dressing for management of giant omphaloceles (GO) followed by delayed surgical closure.

Study Design: Between 2005 and 2008, eight consecutive GO infants were cared for at Driscoll Children's Hospital. Four patients had additional congenital anomalies including Beckwith-Wiedemann (n = 1), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 1), pulmonary hypoplasia (n = 1), and ruptured omphalocele (n=1).

Risk Factors Associated With Abscess Formation in Children 5 Years of Age and Younger.

From 1997 to 2009, hospitalization rates have doubled for pediatric patients with soft tissue abscesses requiring incision and drainage. Despite this increasing national burden, few studies have been conducted to identify the risk factors associated with abscess formation. Our study evaluates a collection of physiological and lifestyle parameters that may serve as risk factors for abscess formation among pediatric patients 5 years of age or younger.

Conditional statistics of thermal dissipation rate in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

The statistical properties of the thermal dissipation rate in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a cylindrical cell are studied by means of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations for a fixed Prandtl number Pr = 0.7 and aspect ratio Γ = 1. The Rayleigh numbers Ra are between 10(7) and 3 × 10(10).

Lagrangian tracer dynamics in a closed cylindrical turbulent convection cell.

Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a closed cylindrical cell is studied in the Lagrangian frame of reference with the help of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The aspect ratio of the cell Γ is varied between 1 and 12, and the Rayleigh number Ra between 10(7) and 10(9). The Prandtl number Pr is fixed at 0.

Nonoperative management of a giant omphalocele using a silver impregnated hydrofiber dressing: a case report.

The surgical management of a giant omphalocele is challenging. Many cannot be closed at birth and must initially be managed nonoperatively with a topical agent to facilitate epithelialization. We report the case of a term, 1-day-old female neonate with a giant omphalocele treated initially with a hydrofiber dressing containing silver (Aquacel Ag; ConvaTec Inc, Skillman, NJ) and then with delayed primary closure.

Cumulative doses of adjunct 131I treatment depend on location of residual thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the outcome after adjunct postoperative 131I therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) treated with total thyroidectomy (excluding medullary thyroid carcinoma).

Methods: Retrospective chart review: Management protocol is total thyroidectomy with cervical node sampling, 131I whole-body scan 3 weeks postoperatively to document residual thyroid tissue or metastatic lesions. Adjunct treatment consists of one or more 131I (100-200 mci/1.

Prophylactic thyroidectomy in pediatric carriers of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma: mutation in C620 is associated with Hirschsprung's disease.

Purpose: Prophylactic total thyroidectomy is now recommended after having confirmed RET mutations in children of parents with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. We reviewed our experience to determine the incidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma with respect to age at surgery, the location of the mutation, and its association with Hirschsprung's disease (HD).

Methods: A retrospective review from 1996 to 2005 revealed 20 children with genetic screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma who underwent a prophylactic total thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland preservation.

Utility of hospital admission after successful enema reduction of ileocolic intussusception.

Background: In-hospital observation of 24 to 48 hours has been the standard practice after successful enema reduction (ER) of ileocolic intussusceptions, but this practice has not been validated. We evaluated retrospectively the safety of short-term emergency department observation.

Methods: Between April 2000 and October 2004, 121 patients presented to the emergency department with ileocolic intussusception, and all had ER attempts.

Alcoholic solution of zein (Ethibloc) sclerotherapy for treatment of lymphangiomas in children.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the experience and efficacy of Ethibloc sclerotherapy as treatment of lymphangiomas.

Methods: Between 1992 and 2004, 63 patients had Ethibloc sclerotherapy for lymphangiomas at our institution. Computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation determined efficacy of the treatment.

Vacuum-assisted closure for wound management in the pediatric population.

Background/purpose: Wound management in children has traditionally consisted of daily dressings. Although vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is well described in the adult literature, there are few reports about children. We reviewed our experience with VAC.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation mimicking congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a newborn.

Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare lesions, usually asymptomatic. We report on the case of a baby who was thought to have a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the left upper lobe based on prenatal and postnatal imaging. Final pathology revealed a congenital pulmonary AVM.

Doxorubicin resistant neuroblastoma cells secrete factors that activate AKT and attenuate cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive cells.

The present study aims to verify the hypothesis that tumor cells with acquired resistance to chemotherapy may secrete survival factors and thus, participate in the protection of drug-sensitive cells against drug toxicity. A human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH, and its doxorubicin resistant derivative, RDOX6, have been used. Conditioned medium from RDOX6 cells attenuated the cytotoxic response of SK-N-SH cells to doxorubicin.