Phylogenetic group, antibiotic resistance, virulence gene, and genetic diversity of causing bloodstream infections in Iran.

is one of the most important pathogens causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) throughout the world. We sought to characterize the phylogroup classification, major human sequence types (STs), antimicrobial resistance, presence of selected antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and genetic diversity of isolated from patients with BSIs at the University Hospital in Iran. A total of 100 bloodstream isolates were collected between December 2020 and June 2022.

Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of aminoglycoside resistance in isolated from patients with blood stream infections in Tehran, Iran.

Background And Objectives: is a significant causative agent of bloodstream infections (BSIs). Aminoglycoside antibiotics play a crucial role in treating severe infections such as sepsis and pneumonia. However, resistance to these antibiotics often occurs due to the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs).

Molecular Analysis of Isolates in a 4-year Period.

In the present research, we aimed to determine the characteristics of E. faecalis strains collected from an Iranian Children's Hospital for four years. Sixty-seven E.

In Vitro antibiotic combinations of Colistin, Meropenem, Amikacin, and Amoxicillin/clavulanate against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Background: Hospital infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) strains have increased worldwide. In addition, biofilm production by these resistant isolates has confronted clinicians with higher treatment failure and infection recurrence. Given the paucity of new agents and limited data on combination therapy for MDR-KPs, the present study sought to evaluate the in vitro activity of several antibiotic combinations against planktonic and biofilm MDR-KPs isolated from patients with VAP.

Determining effects of nitrate, arginine, and ferrous on antibiotic recalcitrance of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm-inspired alginate encapsulates.

Background: Biofilms play a role in recalcitrance and treatability of bacterial infections, but majority of known antibiotic resistance mechanisms are biofilm-independent. Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially in cystic fibrosis patients infected with the alginate producing strains in their lungs, are hard to treat. Changes in growth-related bacterial metabolism in biofilm affect their antibiotic recalcitrance which could be considered for new therapies designed based on these changes.

Global prevalence and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: is a little-known environmental opportunistic bacterium that can cause broad-spectrum infections. Despite the importance of this bacterium as an emerging drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, a comprehensive analysis of its prevalence and resistance to antibiotics has not yet been conducted.

Methods: A systematic search was performed using four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to October 2019.

Identification of major sequence types among aminoglycoside resistant and strains isolated from clinical samples.

Background And Objectives: Aminoglycosides have been widely used for treating severe staphylococcal infections. Production aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) is the main mechanism of resistance to this antibiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AME genes and molecular characterization of aminoglycoside-resistant and strains isolated from clinical specimens in Iran.

Molecular Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Nasal Cavity and Wound Infections Among Diabetic Patients.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen contributing to diabetic foot infections (DFI). Nasal transmission of S. aureus potentially increases the risk of endogenous infection.

Distribution and Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pulmonary Exacerbation.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited recessive disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent pulmonary infections, resulting in lung function deterioration and early mortality.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of 103 respiratory specimens from CF patients with signs of pulmonary exacerbation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and biofilm formation of and isolates were performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and microtiter plate assay, respectively.

Multiplex high-resolution melting assay for simultaneous detection of five key bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections: A pilot study.

The diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is usually based on the results of urine culture, but it is time-consuming, labor-intensive and has a low sensitivity. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex high-resolution melting assay (MHRM) for the simultaneous detection of five common bacterial pathogens (, , , , and group B streptococci (GBS)) directly from urine samples. A total of 287 urine specimens were evaluated by HRM assay and the results were compared with the conventional culture method.

Antimicrobial resistance pattern, virulence determinants and molecular analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Iran.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as an important global threat in recent years. The objective of the present study was to characterize the molecular characteristics, antibiotic resistance pattern and the distribution of virulence factors in CRKP isolated from different clinical specimens. A total of 60 clinical CRKP isolates were collected from clinical samples.

Multiplex detection of five common respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavages using high resolution melting curve analysis.

Background: The study describes the application of the multiplex high-resolution melting curve (MHRM) assay for the simultaneous detection of five common bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli) directly from bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

Results: Our MHRM assay successfully identified all five respiratory pathogens in less than 5 h, with five separate melting curves with specific melt peak temperatures (Tm). The different Tm were characterized by peaks of 78.

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for genotyping of erythromycin-resistant group B streptococci in Iran.

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS or ) is an important pathogen causing severe invasive diseases in neonates, pregnant women, and adults with underlying medical conditions.

Methods: To investigate the incidence of resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin type B (MLS antibiotics, macrolide and tetracycline resistance determinants and genetic relationships, a total of 146 clinical isolates of GBS were collected from Tehran, Iran. The genetic relationships between erythromycin-resistant strains were determined by multilocus variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).

A More Positive Culture by Resin-containing Media Usage after Suspicious Arthroscopic Infections in Patients Receiving Antimicrobial Therapy.

Background: Although infections following arthroscopic surgery of cruciate ligament and meniscus are uncommon, they have potentially serious consequences for the graft and articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of correct sampling and appropriate media, especially resin-containing media, for the detection of infections in patients receiving antibiotics under suspicion of joint infection after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal surgery. In such cases, proper sampling and the use of suitable culture media that cause the neutralization of antibiotics are very effective in isolating microorganisms from the patient samples and positive cultures.

Antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from clinical and colorectal specimens.

Background: Bacteroides fragilis is a part of the normal gastrointestinal flora, but it is also the most common anaerobic bacteria causing the infection. It is highly resistant to antibiotics and contains abundant antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

Methods: The antibiotic resistance pattern of 78 isolates of B.

Efficacy of 16S rRNA variable regions high-resolution melt analysis for bacterial pathogens identification in periprosthetic joint infections.

Background: Accurate and rapid identification of microorganisms causing periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are necessary for choosing an appropriate antibiotic therapy. Therefore, molecular techniques are suggested for diagnosis in suspected PJIs. The Broad-range PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis (HRMA) were evaluated for the identification of causative organisms of PJIs in this study.

Combinatorial effects of antibiotics and enzymes against dual-species Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in the wound-like medium.

Bacterial biofilms are one of the major issues in the treatment of chronic infections such as chronic wounds, where biofilms are typically polymicrobial. The synergy between species can occur during most polymicrobial infections, where antimicrobial resistance enhances as a result. Furthermore, self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilms results in a high tolerance to antibiotics that complicates wound healing.

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristic, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive S. pneumoniae in Tehran, Iran.

Toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm-forming ability in strains isolated from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

Background: (ETBF) associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been alarmingly reported all over the world. In this study, simultaneous investigation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm formation ability of isolated from patients with colorectal cancer was performed.

Methods: Thirty-one patients diagnosed with CRC and thirty-one control subjects were recruited in this study.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Iran.

Despite the existence of discrete and varied studies regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-EC) in Iran, a comprehensive analysis on the prevalence of ESBL-EC has not yet been carried out. The current study analyzed published data regarding ESBL-EC in different regions of Iran to gain insight into this significant subject. A meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (version 2.

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Minimum Antibacterial Values of Different Medicaments Used in Endodontic Regenerative Procedures.

Objectives:  This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of minimum antibacterial values of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on stem cells.

Materials And Methods:  "Minimum inhibitory concentration," "minimum bactericidal concentration," and "minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration" of triple and double antibiotic paste, a modified triple antibiotic paste (minocycline replaced by clindamycin), Augmentin, and calcium hydroxide were determined using (ATCC 29212) by microtiter plate method. Direct cytotoxic effects of drugs were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase and water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assays using stem cells of apical papilla obtained from immature third molars via enzymatic digestion.

The efficacy of lyticase and β-glucosidase enzymes on biofilm degradation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different gene profiles.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm plays a significant role in the resistance of this bacterium and complicates the treatment of its infections. In this study, the effect of lyticase and β-glucosidase enzymes on the degradation of biofilms of P.

Prevalence of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes in Clinical Isolates of Gram-Positive Cocci in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several studies have investigated the genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) among gram-positive cocci (GPC) such as , methicillin-resistant (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and spp. in Iran; however, a comprehensive analysis has not yet been performed. Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of genes encoding AMEs among GPC in Iran.

Molecular analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of distinct strains of isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in Iran.

Background And Objectives: Colonization of in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients may lead to severe pulmonary disease and death. Different characteristics of from these patients were determined in the present study.

Materials And Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility and AmpC-overproduction were determined.

Antimicrobial resistance pattern, virulence determinants and molecular analysis of Enterococcus faecium isolated from children infections in Iran.

Background: Enterococcus species continues to be an important cause of hospital-acquired infection worldwide. This study was designed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes and molecular characteristics of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from an Iranian children hospital in a four-years period.

Results: A total 189 Enterococcus strains, comprising 108 (57%) E.