The Alcohol and Epoxy Alcohol of Zingiberene, Produced in Trichomes of Wild Tomato, Are More Repellent to Spider Mites Than Zingiberene.

Allelochemicals that are present in trichome secretions of wild tomato species play a major role in mediating interactions with arthropods, often conferring a high level of resistance antibiosis and antixenosis. Many accessions of the wild tomato relative, (), possess high levels of resistance to arthropods. The monocyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, 7-epi-zingiberene, is a major defensive component found in trichome secretions of certain accessions of .

Genome-Wide Analyses of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Chromosome Location, Phylogeny, Structure, Expression Patterns, Cis-Elements in the Promoter, and Interaction Network.

The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors form a large plant-specific gene family, which is involved in the regulation of tissue development in response to biotic and abiotic stress. To date, there have been no comprehensive studies investigating chromosomal location, gene structure, gene phylogeny, conserved motifs, or gene expression of NAC in pepper ( L.).

A dual-Kinect approach to determine torso surface motion for respiratory motion correction in PET.

Purpose: Respiratory gating is commonly used to reduce blurring effects and attenuation correction artifacts in positron emission tomography (PET). Established clinically available methods that employ body-attached hardware for acquiring respiration signals rely on the assumption that external surface motion and internal organ motion are well correlated. In this paper, the authors present a markerless method comprising two Microsoft Kinects for determining the motion on the whole torso surface and aim to demonstrate its validity and usefulness-including the potential to study the external/internal correlation and to provide useful information for more advanced correction approaches.

A mass conservation-based optical flow method for cardiac motion correction in 3D-PET.

Purpose: Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) images usually show two kinds of artifacts: the limited resolution of PET leads to partial volume effects and the motion of the heart induces blurring. These phenomena degrade the PET images and induce errors in the quantification. One method of reducing this problem is to use gated PET data.

Detection of respiratory tumour motion using intrinsic list mode-driven gating in positron emission tomography.

Purpose: Respiratory motion of organs during PET scans is known to degrade PET image quality, potentially resulting in blurred images, attenuation artefacts and erroneous tracer quantification. List mode-based gating has been shown to reduce these pitfalls in cardiac PET. This study evaluates these intrinsic gating methods for tumour PET scans.

Optimal number of respiratory gates in positron emission tomography: a cardiac patient study.

Respiratory gating is the method of dividing the data from a tomographic scan with respect to the respiratory phase of the patient. It enables more accurate images by reducing the effects of motion blur and attenuation artifacts due to motion. However, it induces image degradation due to higher noise levels as the number of events per gate is reduced.

List mode-driven cardiac and respiratory gating in PET.

Unlabelled: Gating methods acquiring biosignals (such as electrocardiography [ECG] and respiration) during PET enable one to reduce motion effects that potentially lead to image blurring and artifacts. This study evaluated different cardiac and respiratory gating methods: one based on ECG signals for cardiac gating and video signals for respiratory gating; 2 others based on measured inherent list mode events.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients with coronary artery disease underwent a 20-min ECG-gated single-bed list mode PET scan of the heart.

Motion correction in respiratory gated cardiac PET/CT using multi-scale optical flow.

Respiratory motion is a source of degradation in positron emission tomography. As the patients cannot hold breath during the PET acquisition, spatial blurring and motion artifacts are unavoidable which may lead to wrong quantification of the data. A solution based on respiratory-gating and optical flow based correction of the PET data is proposed.

Respiratory motion correction in 3-D PET data with advanced optical flow algorithms.

The problem of motion is well known in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The PET images are formed over an elongated period of time. As the patients cannot hold breath during the PET acquisition, spatial blurring and motion artifacts are the natural result.

Respiratory gating in positron emission tomography: a quantitative comparison of different gating schemes.

Respiratory gating is used for reducing the effects of breathing motion in a wide range of applications from radiotherapy treatment to diagnostical imaging. Different methods are feasible for respiratory gating. In this study seven gating methods were developed and tested on positron emission tomography (PET) listmode data.

Effective methods to correct contrast agent-induced errors in PET quantification in cardiac PET/CT.

Unlabelled: In combined PET/CT studies, x-ray attenuation information from the CT scan is generally used for PET attenuation correction. Iodine-containing contrast agents may induce artifacts in the CT-generated attenuation map and lead to an erroneous radioactivity distribution on the corrected PET images. This study evaluated 2 methods of thresholding the CT data to correct these contrast agent-related artifacts.

Organ movement reduction in PET/CT using dual-gated list-mode acquisition.

Purpose: Imaging of moving organs using the PET leads to blurred images due to long acquisition times. Simultaneous cardiac and respiratory gating of list-mode PET/CT is evaluated with the aim to improve image quality and assess the organ movement.

Methods: We performed a N-13 ammonia PET/CT scan with a human volunteer, using the Siemens Biograph Sensation 16 scanner with list-mode acquisition.

Lung motion correction on respiratory gated 3-D PET/CT images.

Motion is a source of degradation in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) images. As the PET images represent the sum of information over the whole respiratory cycle, attenuation correction with the help of CT images may lead to false staging or quantification of the radioactive uptake especially in the case of small tumors. We present an approach avoiding these difficulties by respiratory-gating the PET data and correcting it for motion with optical flow algorithms.