Effects of conventional and ionic liquid-based surfactants and sodium tetraborate on interfacial tension of acidic crude oil.

The application of a new class of surfactants such as ionic liquids (ILs) compared with the conventional surfactants and their interactions with each other concomitant and alkaline under salinities is not well examined based on the best knowledge of the authors. So, the current work focused on the impact of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), 1-dodecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride (C12mim][Cl]), 1-octadecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C18mim][Cl]) in the presence and absence of alkali namely sodium tetraborate known as borax (Na2B4O7) on the IFT variation while the salinity was changed 0-82,000 ppm (ionic strength of 0-1.4 M).

Three-component green reaction of arylaldehydes, 6-amino-1,3- dimethyluracil and active methylene compounds catalyzed by Zr(HSO4)4 under solvent-free conditions.

A convenient one-pot, three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil and active methylene compounds in the presence of Zr(HSO4)4 as a heterogeneous catalyst, under solvent-free conditions brings a very simple and highly efficient method for the preparation of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines, pyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines, indeno[2',1':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and a new class of pyrimidinedione derivatives in excellent yields. This approach is general and provides several advantages such as simple reaction set-up, very mild reaction conditions, high yields, recyclability of the catalyst and environmentally friendly benign.

Preparation of nanocapsules via emulsifier-free miniemulsion polymerization.

Nanocapsules containing hexadecane or paraffin as core materials and polystyrene as a shell were produced in a new method through emulsifier-free miniemulsion polymerization using 2,2' azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V-50) as a cationic ionizable water-soluble initiator. The effect of some parameters such as hexadecane or paraffin amounts and polymerization duration on morphology and thermal properties of resulting nanocapsule particles was studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the products had latex particles having a size range of about 200-700 nanometer and both nanocapsules with core-shell morphology and solid particles.

Preparation of nylon 6-organoclay nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization and investigation of the crystalline and thermal properties.

In this study, organoclay nanocomposites based on two types of organoclay: montmorillonite intercalated with dimethyle, dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium cation (Cloisite 20A) and dimethyl, 2-ethyl hexyl hydrogenated tallow alkyl ammonium cation (Cloisite 30B) with nylon 6 were prepared through in-situ polymerization. In this experiment, no solvents were used during the synthesis, a method which is employed in green chemistry approach. The organoclay was dispersed in molten monomer (caprolactam) and polymerization took place.