, 100 Years Later: Research Mile Markers from 1922 to 2022.

In 1922, was described by Leon Hatching Leonian as a new pathogen infecting pepper (), with disease symptoms of root rot, stem and fruit blight, seed rot, and plant wilting and death. Extensive research has been conducted on over the last 100 years. This review succinctly describes the salient mile markers of research on with current perspectives on the pathogen's distribution, economic importance, epidemiology, genetics and genomics, fungicide resistance, host susceptibility, pathogenicity mechanisms, and management.

Occurrence of Bacterial Spot on Pumpkin and Squash Fruit in the North Central Region of the United States and Bacteria Associated with the Spots.

Since 2006, a bacterial spot disease has been widely observed on pumpkin and squash fruit in the North Central region (NCR) of the United States. Surveys were conducted during 2011 to 2013 to determine the occurrence of the disease on pumpkin and winter squash in the NCR. In each state, at least five commercial pumpkin and squash fields were visited each year within 3 weeks of harvest, and 60 fruit were inspected in each field.

Morphology, Molecular Identity, and Pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae and V. longisporum Associated with Internally Discolored Horseradish Roots.

During 2008 to 2009, 255 isolates of Verticillium were obtained from internally discolored horseradish roots collected from California, Illinois, and Ontario. Twenty representative isolates were selected according to morphological features and geographic origin for further characterization. Based on the conidial size, the isolates were divided into two groups: Verticillium dahliae (4.