Evaluating the Effect of Sumac Extract on Dentine Micro-Hardness during pH Cycling.

Statement Of The Problem: Although sumac extract (SE) is reported as a collagen cross linker, the available data regarding its effect on the dentine micro-hardness is quite sparse.

Purpose: Therefore, the aim of this study includes evaluating the effect of different concentrations of SE on dentine micro-hardness comparing to grape seed extract (GSE).

Materials And Method: In this experimental study, the GSE was purchased from available market and convert to 5% solution.

The cheetah optimizer: a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for large-scale optimization problems.

Motivated by the hunting strategies of cheetahs, this paper proposes a nature-inspired algorithm called the cheetah optimizer (CO). Cheetahs generally utilize three main strategies for hunting prey, i.e.