Advancing bone tissue engineering one layer at a time: a layer-by-layer assembly approach to 3D bone scaffold materials.

The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique has shown excellent potential in tissue engineering applications. The technique is mainly based on electrostatic attraction and involves the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged electrolyte complexes onto a substrate, resulting in uniform single layers that can be rapidly deposited to form nanolayer films. LbL has attracted significant attention as a coating technique due to it being a convenient and affordable fabrication method capable of achieving a wide range of biomaterial coatings while keeping the main biofunctionality of the substrate materials.

Clinical Outcome Comparison between Staged -Bilateral Versus Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Replacements.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with staged and simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: The present study included 100 patients with a mean age of 62±3.72 years from 2014 to 2017.