Hypopituitarism caused by carotid cavernous fistula.

Here we report a 79-year-old woman who presented with a 7-day history of headache, nausea, vomiting, and was found to have proptosis and ptosis. Laboratory findings showed hyponatremia, hypocortisolism, secondary hypothyroidism and low follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. CT angiography (CTA) showed a vascular lesion in sella causing a mass affect on the pituitary gland which proved to be a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) by conventional angiography.

Effect of tactile stimulus frequency on time perception: the role of working memory.

In most models of interval timing, there is a central clock, which is considered to be highly protected from the effects of external stimuli. However, many studies have reported such effects and different theories are proposed to explain the observations. These include the effect of arousal, attention sharing, memory load and information processing on central clock as well as change in the speed of the pacemaker.

Independent coding of movement duration in a repetitive non-visually guided movement.

Temporal information is an embedded feature of our sensory and motor experiences. How is temporal information encoded in the brain? In the two-stage theory of timing, an explicit representation of timing is responsible for the movement initiation while movement duration is coded implicitly. We investigated the correlation of movement duration and amplitude in a repetitive one-dimensional non-visually guided movement to find out if temporal information could be coded independently from movement.

Involvement of nitric oxide system in enhancement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference by agmatine in male mice.

Agmatine recently has been suggested as a neurotransmitter, is able to interact with various effects of morphine like analgesia and dependence. In this study, the effects of agmatine on rewarding properties of morphine, and the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) system has been evaluated in an unbiased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Agmatine (1, 5 and 10mg/kg, i.

Kinesthetic memory in distance reproduction task: importance of initial hand position information.

The role of the initial hand position in planning and implementation of a goal-directed movement is a matter of debate. We designed a non-visually guided repetitive reaching movement task to investigate the role of proprioceptive information of the initial or end hand position in implementation of kinesthetic memory. The experimental design consisted four experiments.

Agmatine potentiates morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice: modulation by alpha2-adrenoceptors.

The effects of agmatine, an endogenous polyamine metabolite formed by decarboxylation of L-arginine, and its combination with morphine on conditioned place preference (CPP) has been investigated in male mice. Our data show that subcutaneous administration of morphine (1-7.5 mg/kg) significantly increases the time spent in the drug-paired compartment in a dose-dependent manner.

Resistance of peripheral and sub-cortical somatosensory pathway to electrical noise.

The somatosensory system is vulnerable to large amounts of noise distortion. But how does the central nervous system distinguish the peripheral inputs which carry information to the brain from that which does not possess information? To address this question we studied the effect of electrical stimulation of the median nerve on tactile spatial frequency perception in healthy subjects and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Subjects were categorized in two groups (healthy and PD patients) and were asked to report if a test tactile frequency pattern (TFP) was the same as the reference TFP given to the other hand.