Inflammatory and genomic interactions within keratoconus susceptible patients: a nationwide registered case-control study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between variants in the interleukin (IL)-1 gene cluster and susceptibility to keratoconus (KC) in an Iranian population.

Methods: In the case group, there were 188 KC patients diagnosed by clinical findings and corneal tomography. The control group included all 205 healthy controls with no personal or family history of eye-related, metabolic, or immune system-related disease.

Main issues in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty: A systematic narrative review.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) has emerged as a transformative approach in managing corneal pathologies, notably keratoconus (KC), providing a viable alternative to penetrating keratoplasty (PK). This systematic review explores the intricacies of DALK, comparing its preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations with PK. Extensive literature searches revealed a wealth of data regarding DALK's advantages and challenges, with an emphasis on graft survival, visual outcomes, and complications.

Main issues in penetrating keratoplasty.

This review explores contemporary challenges in penetrating keratoplasty (PK), focusing on technical intricacies, technological advancements, and strategies for preventing graft rejection. A systematic literature search from January 2018 to July 2023 was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria comprised studies on PK and its comparison with other corneal pathologies, with emphasis on keratoconus (KC).

A Framework for Future Analysis of Ophthalmology Fellowships in Iran: Call for Action, Implications and Recommendations.

Ophthalmology fellowship is focusing on the educational advancement, medical research progress and academic productivity by transforming general ophthalmologists into superior clinical capacities in ophthalmology. There is a vast majority of ophthalmologists who wish to undertake fellowship degrees. The fellowship programs have several benefits for ophthalmologists and medical institutions.

Suture-related complications after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of suture-related complications, their risk factors, and effects on the clinical outcomes after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for keratoconus.

Methods: In this retrospective, comparative, interventional study, the records of consecutive patients with keratoconus who underwent DALK were reviewed for suture-related complications. Univariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for suture complications.

Management of Large Conjunctival Cysts in a Patient with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a life-threatening mucocutaneous disease with various etiologies including drugs, infections, and malignancies. Ocular manifestations of SJS vary from the membrane, symblepharon formation, and epithelial defect in the acute phase to trichiasis, eyelid margin keratinization, and lacrimal duct obstruction in the chronic phase. A 13-year-old boy with a history of drug-induced SJS presented to our clinic complaining of a mass in the nasal side and inferior fornix of the right eye from 1 year ago.

Resident-Performed Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery: Impact of Resident-Level Characteristics.

Purpose: To evaluate the rate of complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification and influencing factors.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of cataract surgeries performed by 18 ophthalmology residents were analyzed. The outcome of first 80 phacoemulsification cataract surgeries (1440 cataract surgeries) performed by each resident were analyzed.

Keratoconus Diagnosis: From Fundamentals to Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Narrative Review.

The remarkable recent advances in managing keratoconus, the most common corneal ectasia, encouraged researchers to conduct further studies on the disease. Despite the abundance of information about keratoconus, debates persist regarding the detection of mild cases. Early detection plays a crucial role in facilitating less invasive treatments.

Laser in situ keratomileusis versus Artisan lens implantation in correcting ametropia after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus.

Purpose: To compare the long-term safety and efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation to correct refractive errors after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus.

Methods: This retrospective comparative interventional case series included a total of 33 consecutive keratoconus eyes that had previous PK and received subsequent LASIK (n = 16) or Artisan lens implantation (n = 17) were included in this study. Outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive error, and complications.

Mustard Gas-Induced Ocular Surface Disorders: An Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Management.

Purpose: Mustard gas (MG) is a potent blistering and alkylating agent that has been used for military and terrorism purposes. Ocular surface injuries are common after exposure to MG. This review provides an update on the pathophysiology, ocular surface complications, and treatment options for MG-related ocular injuries.

Penetrating Keratoplasty Versus Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Advanced Stage of Keratoconus.

Purpose: To compare visual acuity, refractive error, and complications after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) vs deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in the management of advanced stage of keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective, comparative, interventional study.

Methods: This study enrolled 411 consecutive keratoconus eyes with preoperative mean keratometry ≥60 diopters (D) that received either PK (218 eyes) or DALK (193 eyes).

Eye Bank Records on Pediatric Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report eye bank records for pediatric keratoplasty in Iran between 2006 and 2019.

Methods: In a retrospective study, all electronic records of the Central Eye Bank of Iran for pediatric keratoplasty between April 2006 and March 2019 were analyzed in terms of indications for keratoplasty, surgical techniques, their corresponding trends, and post-transplantation graft clarity.

Results: Our database included 2178 eyes from 2050 pediatric cases.

Genetic screening of in Iranian patients with -associated corneal dystrophies and a meta-analysis of global variation frequencies.

Purpose: Transforming growth factor beta-induced ()-associated corneal dystrophies (CDs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of CDs caused by mutations in the gene. Nucleotide sequences encoding two arginine residues at positions 124 and 555 in TGFBI protein are mutation hotspots. We screened regions of that include the hotspots in a cohort of Iranian patients with -associated CDs.

Comparison of penetrating keratoplasty and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in keratoconus eyes with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to compare outcomes after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) against deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for keratoconus in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Methods: Keratoconic patients with VKC who received PK ( = 55, group 1) or DALK ( = 62, group 2) were retrospectively enrolled. The Student's test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used to compare outcomes between the groups.

Sinasol versus Optisol-GS for cold preservation of human cornea: a prospective ex vivo and clinical study.

To compare ex vivo results of donor corneas maintained in Sinasol with those stored in Optisol-GS and reporting clinical outcomes of grafted Sinasol-versus Optisol-GS-stored corneas. In phase I, paired donor corneas were maintained in Sinasol or Optisol-GS. Afterward, the corneas were subjected to slit-lamp biomicroscopic and specular microscopic examinations on days 1 and 7, and then to trypan blue staining on day 7.

Visual performance of four types of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses and a review of articles.

Aim: To compare the clinical outcomes of a variety of multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) in patients diagnosed with presbyopia or cataracts.

Methods: This clinical trial study included 141 patients (282 eyes) with different MIOLs implantation. The Symfony (60 eyes), the ReSTOR (100 eyes), the AT LISAtri (60 eyes), and the PanOptix (62 eyes) intraocular lenses were evaluated in this prospective interventional study.

Penetrating Keratoplasty Versus Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Children and Adolescents With Keratoconus.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for pediatric keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective comparative interventional case series.

Methods: This study included consecutive pediatric keratoconus cases (≤18 years of age) who received PK (n=45) or DALK (n=54) in 2 different time periods.

Topical Erythropoietin as a Novel Treatment for Necrotizing Scleritis After Pterygium Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To share our initial experience with the innovative use of topical erythropoietin for the treatment of necrotizing scleritis manifesting immediately after pterygium excision surgery.

Methods: This study enrolled 3 patients who developed necrotizing scleritis immediately after undergoing pterygium excision. All cases with pterygium were primary, and topical mitomycin C and conjunctival autografts were used at the time of surgery.

Management of corneal complications in vernal keratoconjunctivitis: A review.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, bilateral, allergic conjunctivitis with episodes of acute exacerbations. Although VKC has a self-limiting course, chronic recurrent inflammation can cause long-term visual impairment due to corneal complications including shield ulcers, infectious keratitis, keratoconus, corneal opacities, and limbal stem cell deficiency. The initial step in the management of corneal involvement is medical treatment of the acute stage of VKC and prevention of recurrences.

An analysis of factors associated with graft topographic outcomes after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty.

Purpose: To investigate the correlations between preoperative, operative, and postoperative factors and corneal graft topographic parameters after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) performed in keratoconus-affected eyes.

Methods: This prospective, interventional study enrolled 44 eyes. Graft topographic parameters, including keratometric astigmatism and the surface regularity index (SRI), were assessed after complete suture removal.