Reconstruction of the plantar toe with a distal reverse instep sensory island flap.

Background: Plantar toe ulcers are a challenging surgical problem. There are several methods for reconstruction, but no attention has been given to the preservation of sensation. This report proposes a method to provide protective sensation for the reconstructed area.

Evaluation of Complications after Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Background: Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is necessary when non-surgical treatments fail. Complications of surgical procedures vary from short-term post-surgical pain to permanent disability. The outcome of TOS surgery is affected by the visibility during the operation.

Comparison of histopathological effects of perineural administration of bupivacaine and bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine in rat sciatic nerve.

Injection of a variety of drugs such as local anesthetics (LAs) for peripheral nerve block has been shown to cause damage to peripheral nerves. Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic widely used in surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxicity of LAs including Bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine (DEX)-Bupivacaine on sciatic nerve tissue at histopathological level.

Comparison of a distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy with a proximal-distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy: in a rat model.

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries have severe consequences on quality of life, especially in cases with extensive or old injuries when standard nerve repair is impossible and proposed repair methods are not completely satisfactory. Terminolateral neurorrhaphy is a practical and advantageous technique for nerve repair; therefore, we developed a nerve function study to evaluate advantages of proximal stump coaptation in end-to-side nerve repair method.

Methods: Three experimental groups were studied: In group A, the proximal and distal stumps of the transected peroneal nerve were sutured to the posterior tibialis nerve in left side and right side left intact; in group B, a classic end-to-side neurorrhaphy was performed; and group C was without neurorrhaphy as the control group.

Cross pectoral nerve transfer following free gracilis muscle transplantation for chronic brachial plexus palsy: a case series.

In an eight year period, 12 patients were treated by the contra-lateral medial pectoral nerve as motor nerve innervation of the transplanted free gracilis muscle to the paralytic upper limb. The gracilis muscle was used for both elbow and digital flexion. Results were assessed by the MRC grading system and success was defined as muscle strength of M4 and M3 which was observed in seven patients (58%).