Assessment of the pattern of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms isolated from the culture medium prepared from hospitalized patients: A retrospective study.

Background: Antibiotic resistance has become quite a challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections in the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms isolated from the culture medium prepared from hospitalized patients.

Methods: The type of study was cross-sectional descriptive.

Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults.

Background: HIV virological failure is one of the main problems in HIV-infected patients, and identifying the main predictors of such treatment failure may help in combating HIV/AIDS.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 1800 HIV-infected patients with either virological failure or treatment response. HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed.

Evaluation of Clinical Manifestations, Pattern of Involvement, and Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Post Covid-19 Head and Neck Mucormycosis Infection among Patients Admitted To Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran (2021-2022).

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic that particularly affects immunocompromised individuals, leading to secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales fungi, is a severe infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a surge in mucormycosis cases worldwide, with India experiencing a significant increase.

Aortoduodenal fistula and abdominal aortic aneurysm as a complication of Brucella Aortitis managed with Insitu aortic aneurysm repair: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Brucella aortitis should be one of the differential diagnoses of inflammatory aortic aneurysms. In situ repair of intermittent aortoenteric fitulae and repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysm with synthetic graft can be used in clean scarred fistulae.

Abstract: Arterial aneurysms are very rare complications of Brucella infection.

The Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Municipal Waste Collectors in Southwest of Iran.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers among waste collectors in the municipality of Shiraz city, southwest of Iran, 2018.

Settings And Design: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 385 waste collectors from all 10 districts of Shiraz city, southwest of Iran were enrolled. A questionnaire was used to gather occupational and demographic information as well as awareness about viral hepatitis.

Comparative assessment of the mouse immune responses to colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii is known as the most frequent species in clinical samples that is responsible for a large number of nosocomial infection outbreaks. The colistin-resistance of this bacterium has been found to be increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response to colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant A.

Antibiotic use during the first 6 months of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: A large-scale multi-centre study.

What Is Known And Objective: Although antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, epidemiological studies have revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the overuse of antibiotics and disruption of antimicrobial stewardship programmes. We investigated the pattern of antibiotic use during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

Methods: A multi-centre retrospective study was designed to investigate the use of 16 broad-spectrum antibiotics in 12 medical centres.

Evaluation of genetic diversity of colistin-resistant by BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR: the first report.

To control the spread of in hospitals, it is necessary to identify the reservoir of organisms and the way they are transmitted. This study analyzed samples by BOX-PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR techniques. Isolated strains were identified using the Microgen kit and gene.

Serum zinc associated with immunity and inflammatory markers in Covid-19.

This study aimed to assess the association between serum zinc level with some inflammatory and immunity factors and the duration of hospitalization and mortality rate in patients diagnosed with Covid-19. In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were taken from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients. New patients diagnosed with Covid-19, admitted to different public hospital wards, were considered eligible for entering the study.

A Randomized Trial of Sitagliptin and Spironolactone With Combination Therapy in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19.

Context: COVID-19 may cause respiratory distress syndrome and death. Treatment of COVID-19 to prevent complications remains a priority.

Objective: Our investigation sought to determine whether combination of spironolactone and sitagliptin could reduce mortality for inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Evaluation antibiotic resistance and presence of blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-23 genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains via multiplex PCR.

The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to most antibiotics is increasing. The presence of metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes has led to the resistance of these bacteria to carbapenems as one of the major classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics and has raised concerns in human societies. This research evaluated the presence of bla, bla and bla genes in A.

Economic Burden Of Inappropriate Empiric Antibiotic Therapy: A Report From Southern Iran.

Introduction: Widespread inappropriate antibiotic prescribing by healthcare professionals in the hospital setting is a great concern that may cause many undesirable consequences. Adherences to antibiotic guidelines have proven to be a simple and effective intervention to guide the choice of appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens and reduce the unnecessary variations in the practice among practitioners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription patterns of empiric antibiotic therapy in relation to treatment guidelines and the economic burden of discordance with guidelines in a major referral Iranian university hospital.

Chronic Skin Lesions as the Presentation of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the HIV-Infected Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literatures.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most form of leishmaniasis that caused by intracellular parasites, .

Case Report: A 39-year-old woman, known case of HIV infection, presented with a 6-month history of skin lesions initially on her face, then extending onto the chest, abdomen, and extremities. Laboratory examinations revealed leukopenia and a CD4 cell count of 280 cells / mm3.

Molecular diagnosis of genital tract infections among HIV-positive women in Iran.

Background And Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are usually at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than others. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), (CT), and (NG), and associated risk factors among HIV-infected women in Fars province, Iran.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cervical swab samples were collected from 71 HIV-infected women, aged 17-45 years (mean ± standard deviation: 31.

Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Individuals in Shiraz, South of Iran.

Introduction: HIV infection remains as a major challenge facing medical sciences in the world today. Mucocutaneous manifestation was first observed in patients with HIV/AIDS in the early 1980s. The aim of this study was to identify various skin manifestations based on making careful clinical observations and performing the necessary tests.

Molecular evaluation of colistin-resistant gene expression changes in with real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Background: is an important human pathogen which has recently gained increased attention due to the occurrence of drug-resistant nosocomial infections in patients suffering from immune system disorders, and those in hospital intensive care units. The aim of this research was to identify and isolate strains resistant to colistin, determine antibiotic resistance pattern of this bacteria, investigate the presence of colistin-resistant genes, and finally assess the effect of expression changes in pmrA and pmrB genes resistant to against colistin via real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Methods: The samples were initially purified and isolated using biochemical tests and Micro-gen kit.

Comparison of antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive and treated HIV-infected individuals in Shiraz, Iran.

The use of anti-retroviral therapy has been effective in controlling the spread of HIV-1, and has prolonged life expectancy, but this success can be affected by the emergence of drug resistance. The main goal of this study was to investigate drug resistance in the reverse transcriptase (RT), and protease (PR) genes among HIV-1 infected individuals. We systematically selected 59 HIV-1 infected individuals from Shiraz Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center (29 treatment- naïve and 30 treated).

Analyzing pmrA and pmrB genes in Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to colistin in Shahid Rajai Shiraz, Iran Hospital by PCR: First report in Iran.

Acinetobacter baumanni is known as a worldwide emerging nosocomial infections and it is classified as one of the six dangerous microorganisms by Diseases Society of America. Multi drug-resistant strains of A. baumannii have been reported in recent decades, which may be a result of the high use of antimicrobial agents.

The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in Akbar Abad Village, Kavar, Southern Iran.

Background: About 2 billion people were reported to be infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and among them; 350 million are chronically infected cases. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B in Kavar, southern Iran.

Methods: From August 2008 to March 2009, 3739 individuals aged between 1 and 88 years were screened for infection with HBV in Akbar Abad Village, Kavar, Southern Iran.

Treatment Following Intoxication With Lethal Dose of Paraquat: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Paraquat is a widely used nitrogen-based herbicide which is lethal and causes multi-organ failure by accumulation in cells, which subsequently leads to death.

Case Presentation: The present case report introduced a 25-year-old male with nausea, vomiting, and severe substernal burning sensation after incidentally ingestion of a large amount of paraquat. The treatment of the patient with antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E) and hemodialysis started immediately after arriving to the hospital.

Phenotypic and Molecular Epidemiology of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii Complex Strains Spread at Nemazee Hospital of Shiraz, Iran.

Background: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii (ACB) complex are Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria with low virulence properties. Their resistance to antibiotics has become a matter of concern in hospital infections.

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ACB isolates collected from the Nemazee hospital of Shiraz.

Antifungal agent utilization evaluation in hospitalized neutropenic cancer patients at a large teaching hospital.

To evaluate pattern of using of three antifungal drugs: fluconazole, amphotericin B and voriconazole, at the hematology-oncology and bone marrow transplant wards of one large teaching hospital. In a prospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated the appropriateness of using antifungal drugs in patients, using Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. All the data were recorded daily by a pharmacist in a form designed by a clinical pharmacist and infectious diseases specialist, for antifungals usage, administration, and monitoring.

Invasive candidiasis in critical care setting, updated recommendations from "Invasive Fungal Infections-Clinical Forum", Iran.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) bears a high risk of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care units (ICU). With the current advances in critical care and the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and IC in particular, have turned into a growing concern in the ICU. Further to blood cultures, some auxiliary laboratory tests and biomarkers are developed to enable an earlier detection of infection, however these test are neither consistently available nor validated in our setting.