Calcitriol modulate post-ischemic TLR signaling pathway in ischemic stroke patients.

Background: Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor to post-ischemic neuronal death after stroke, and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are one of the essential mediators in many inflammatory pathways. TLRs activate the nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), which promotes the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes such as interleukin (IL-1β) and IL-6. 1,25(OH)2D3, also known as calcitriol, is an active form of vitamin D3 that acts as a neurosteroid compound with anti-inflammatory properties.

Primordial germ cells can be differentiated by retinoic acid and progesterone induction from embryonic stem cells.

This study aimed to examine the expression of the genes associated with different development stages of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The cells were cultured in three groups of control, 10 M of all-trans retinoic acid and the combination of 10 M of Progesterone and retinoic acid for 7, 12, 17, and 22 days. Immunofluorescent and Quantitative RT-PCR were used to evaluate the effect of progesterone on the differentiation of mESCs into primordial germ cells.

Oxytocin improves ischemic stroke by reducing expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 in rat MCAO model.

Various molecular mechanisms are activated in neurons during ischemic stroke. Extracellular glutamate secretion into brain tissue causes neurotoxicity and brain damage. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) could remove the extracellular glutamate.

Heat shock protein 27 as a neuroprotective biomarker and a suitable target for stem cell therapy and pharmacotherapy in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a major common cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Several pathophysiological events including excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are involved in ischemic injuries. Recently, the molecular mechanisms involved in cerebral ischemia through a focus on a member of small heat shock proteins family, Hsp27, has been developed.

The protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of ischemic stroke via reducing the C-Jun N-terminal kinase expression.

Ischemic stroke is the main cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis and inflammation have an important role in ischemic brain injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have protective effects on stroke treatment due to anti-inflammatory properties.

Differential Expression of HSP90 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Cell Lines after Treatment with Doxorubicin.

Background: Breast cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease and one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. The efficacy of chemotherapy as an important breast cancer treatment option has been severely limited because of the inherent or acquired resistance of cancer cells. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) upregulated in response to cellular stress is required for functions such as conformational maturation, activation and stability in more than 200 client proteins, mostly of the signaling type.

Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust particles causes anxiety, spatial memory disorders with alters expression of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and NMDA receptor subunits in adult male mice offspring.

Air pollution by Diesel exhaust (DE) consists of gaseous compounds and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Previous studies show associations between prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust affects the central nervous system (CNS). However, there was not reported that these effects were caused by gaseous compounds, diesel exhaust particles, or both.

Comparison of the effects of progesterone and 17 β-estradiol on Schwann cell markers expression in rat adipose-derived stem cells.

Steroids promote the myelination and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Whereas, little is known about the inducing effects by which the hormones exert their effects on Schwann cells differentiation. This could be revealed by the expression of Schwann cell markers in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).

The regulatory role of Toll-like receptors after ischemic stroke: neurosteroids as TLR modulators with the focus on TLR2/4.

Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease and considered as a worldwide leading cause of death. After cerebral ischemia, different pathophysiological processes including neuroinflammation, invasion and aggregation of inflammatory cells and up-regulation of cytokines occur simultaneously. In this respect, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first identified important mediators for the activation of the innate immune system and are widely expressed in glial cells and neurons following brain trauma.

The combination of retinoic acid and estrogen can increase germ cells genes expression in mouse embryonic stem cells derived primordial germ cells.

Generation of germ cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro could have great application for treating infertility. The temporal expression profile of several genes was expressed at different stages of germ cell development and examined in differentiation the mouse embryonic stem cells. Cells were treated in three groups of control, with 10 M of all-trans retinoic acid and the combination of 10 M of 17β-Estradiol and retinoic acid for 7, 12, 17 or 22 days.

Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms as risk factors for stroke: a computational and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Stroke is the most common neurological disorder and genetic susceptibility has an important role in its etiology. Polymorphism in several genes such as lipoprotein lipase () is propounded as a risk for stroke. This meta-analysis investigated the association of rs285 and rs320 LPL polymorphism with stroke risk.

Learning styles and strategies preferences of Iranian medical students in gross anatomy courses and their correlations with gender.

The learning approaches can help anatomy teachers design a suitable curriculum in harmony with their students' learning styles. The research objective is to evaluate gross anatomy learning styles and strategies preferences of Iranian medical students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences (KAUMS). This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out on 237 Iranian medical students.

Neuroprotective Effects of Oxytocin Hormone after an Experimental Stroke Model and the Possible Role of Calpain-1.

Background: Different mechanisms will be activated during ischemic stroke. Calpain proteases play a pivotal role in neuronal death after ischemia damage through apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic activities of the oxytocin (OT) in different ischemic tissues were reported in previous studies.

Collagen-coated nano-electrospun PCL seeded with human endometrial stem cells for skin tissue engineering applications.

Human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) are known as an attractive source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. hEnSCs are easily isolated and are capable of repairing uterine through their strong ability of creating new capillaries. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous polycaprolactone (PCL)/collagen scaffold was fabricated and characterized in order to be applied as a new approach for skin reconstruction.

Comparing Apoptosis and Necrosis Effects of Arctium Lappa Root Extract and Doxorubicin on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines.

Objective: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and very common malignancy in women worldwide. The efficacy of chemotherapy as an important part of breast cancer treatment is limited due to its side effects. While pharmaceutical companies are looking for better chemicals, research on traditional medicines that generally have fewer side effects is quite interesting.

Gonadal steroids block the calpain-1-dependent intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in an experimental rat stroke model.

Objectives: Apoptosis plays an important role in the progression of the ischemic penumbra after reperfusion. Estrogen and progesterone have neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain damage, however the exact mechanisms of neuroprotection and signaling pathways is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the possible regulatory effects of a combined steroid treatment on extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways after cerebral ischemia.

Cultural acceptability and personal willingness of Iranian students toward cadaveric donation.

Cadaver dissection stands as a crucial component in medical curricula around the world, although computer-based multimedia programs have been introduced in order to replace the need for cadaver donations. Due to a decrease in the number of unclaimed bodies and rather few donations, there is an insufficient number of cadavers for anatomical studies in Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate medical students' awareness and willingness regarding body donation in Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Morphology of Rat Hippocampal CA1 Neurons Following Modified Two and Four-Vessels Global Ischemia Models.

Background: An appropriate animal model of ischemia stroke is essential for evaluation of different therapeutic methods. Two and four-vessel global ischemia models are one of the most common types of transient cerebral ischemia.

Objectives: In this study, the morphology of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in modified models of two and four-vessel ischemia and reperfusion were evaluated.

Regional regulation of glutamate signaling during cuprizone-induced demyelination in the brain.

Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders and also seems to be involved in the pathology of demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Cuprizone-induced toxic demyelination shows clear characteristics of MS such as demyelination and axonal damage without the involvement of the innate immune system. In this study, we have evaluated glutamate signaling during cuprizone-induced demyelination in the white and gray matter of mouse brain by studying the expression of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate-receptors and -transporters by Affymetrix gene array analysis, followed by real-time PCR and western blot analysis.

Expression of galectin-3 as a testis inflammatory marker in vasectomised mice.

Objective: Vasectomy, though in some cases are being confronted with irreversibility, has been accepted as an effective contraceptive method. It is estimated that near 2-6% of vasectomised men ultimately show a tendency to restore their fertility. In some cases, vasectomy has been considered as an irreversible procedure due to many post-vasectomy complications causing this debate.

A brachioulnoradial artery: a short report.

Variations in the number and/or course of the arteries of the upper limb have clinical and surgical significance. During routine dissection of the left upper limb of a 50-year-old male cadaver, a brachial artery was noted that bifurcated into superficial and deep branches in the middle arm. The ulnar and radial arteries had a high origin from the superficial branch and proceeded superficially in the forearm, but had a normal termination in the hand.

Expression Cloning of Recombinant Escherichia coli lacZ Genes Encoding Cytoplasmic and Nuclear β-galactosidase Variants.

Objectives: Nonviral vector can be an attractive alternative to gene delivery in experimental study. In spite of some advantages in comparison with the viral vectors, there are still some limitations for efficiency of gene delivery in nonviral vectors. To determine the effective expression, the recombinant Escherichia coli lacZ genes were cloned into the different variants of pcDNA3.

Morphological identification of cell death in dorsal root ganglion neurons following peripheral nerve injury and repair in adult rat.

Background: Axotomy causes sensory neuronal loss. Reconnection of proximal and distal nerve ends by surgical repair improves neuronal survival. It is important to know the morphology of primary sensory neurons after the surgical repair of their peripheral processes.