Multiple Sclerosis-A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations-A Literature Review with Own Case Report.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and environmental background, play a role in the pathogenesis. Repeated active episodes of MS characterized with marked inflammation results in the scarring of particular nerve segments, and eventually results in functional impairment over a period of time.

MicroRNAs-A Promising Tool for Asthma Diagnosis and Severity Assessment: A Systematic Review.

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs (Ribonucleic acids) with regulatory functions that could prove useful as biomarkers for asthma diagnosis and asthma severity-risk stratification. The objective of this systematic review is to identify panels of miRNAs that can be used to support asthma diagnosis and severity-risk assessment. Three databases (Medline, Embase, and SCOPUS) were searched up to 15 September 2020 to identify studies reporting differential expression of specific miRNAs in the tissues of adults and children with asthma.

Clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases in the oral cavity.

Aim: In this review, several gastrointestinal diseases that dentists may encounter in practice are highlighted and discussed.

Materials And Methods: Using MEDLINE (PubMed), a comprehensive review of gastrointestinal diseases and their oral cavity manifestations was performed.

Results: Many gastrointestinal diseases present with oral symptoms that are detectable by dentists and dental hygienists.

Morphological features of Class I, II and III malocclusions of Saudi adolescents.

Aims: This cross-sectional study compared and contrasted the morphological characteristics of Class I, II and III malocclusions in an adolescent Saudi population.

Methods: Adolescent Saudis with Angle's Class I, II and III malocclusions were selected from orthodontic patients' records. Angular and linear measurements were compared between the three groups.

Depression is related to edentulism and lack of functional dentition: An analysis of NHANES data, 2005-2016.

Objective: Depression and tooth loss are significant health problems that affect individuals' functionality and quality of life. Comorbidity between depression and oral diseases has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between depression and tooth loss in a US representative adult sample.

Anatomical consideration for optimal position of orthodontic miniscrews in the maxilla: a CBCT appraisal.

Background: Orthodontic miniscrews are commonly used as temporary anchorage devices. Bone thickness and bone depth are important factors when placing miniscrews. There are no studies to assess the maxillary bone thickness for optimum miniscrew placement in a Saudi population.

Granulomatous diseases: Oral manifestations and recommendations.

Granulomatous diseases may present with oral manifestations that are detectable by dental care providers. In certain cases, oral manifestations may precede systemic signs and symptoms. Dentists managing patients with these conditions may modify the dental treatment plan and possibly retain the support of other health professionals.

Tooth loss as a potential risk factor for deficient sleep: an analysis of a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA.

Purpose: Sleep deficiency is implicated as a risk factor for several systemic conditions. Loss of teeth has a profound effect on the individual's physiologic and psychologic health and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the association between tooth loss and sleep duration and determine if anterior and/or posterior tooth loss is a significant predictor.

Is inadequate sleep a potential risk factor for periodontitis?

This study was undertaken to investigate the potential association between sleep duration and periodontitis. The study population consisted of 10,291 individuals who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the 2009-2014 cycles. Sleep duration was categorized into sleep deficient (< 7 hours), sleep adequate (7-8 hours), and sleep excessive (> 8 hours).

Prevalence and morphological variations of maxillary sinus septa in different age groups: a CBCT analysis.

Background: There are limited data from Saudi Arabia on the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa.

Objective: Determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of septa in the maxillary sinus and their relationship to gender and age using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Design: Cross-sectional SETTING: CBCT images acquired from the maxillofacial radiology department in a dental school.

Gingival health and oral hygiene practices among high school children in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Gingivitis is a site-specific inflammatory condition initiated by dental biofilm accumulation. The accumulation of dental plaque on the gingival margin triggers inflammatory effects that can become chronic. In addition to its local effect, gingival inflammation has recently been suggested to have an impact on general health.

Prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia: a national study.

Background: The occurrence of periodontitis is rather infrequent in children and adolescence and increases with age. We conducted this study because there have been few epidemiological studies on prevalence of periodontitis in children in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia.

Comparison of Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Derived Alveolar Bone Density Between Subjects with and without Aggressive Periodontitis.

Introduction: Understanding the changes in bone density of patients affected by aggressive periodontitis could be useful in early disease detection and proper treatment planning.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare alveolar bone density in patients affected with aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis.

The relationship between periapical lesions and the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetic patients.

To investigate the relationship between the presence of periapical lesions (PL) and levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between September 2013 and February 2015. Medical and dental history and Sociodemographic data were obtained from participants.

Periodontal findings in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and healthy controls.

Objectives: To compare periodontal findings in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls, and to determine, whether there is a correlation between periodontal parameters and SLE biomarkers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between November 2012 and February 2014. Twenty-five participants diagnosed with SLE and 50 healthy controls were selected.

Gingival biotype in relation to incisors' inclination and position.

Objectives: To study the association between gingival biotypes and inclination and position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 142 consecutive orthodontic patients (64 males and 78 females) who were seeking orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from February 2013 to January 2014. Gingival biotype was assessed independently for the maxillary and mandibular central incisors using the transparency of periodontal probe method.

Estrogen deficiency reduces the expression of estrogen receptor-beta in Wistar rats` periodontal tissues.

Objective: To assess the effect of ovariectomy on the expression of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.

Methods: This animal study was conducted at King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from March to October 2012. Thirty 12-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (15 each): ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated.

Effect of lip position and gingival display on smile and esthetics as perceived by college students with different educational backgrounds.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of education on the perception of female college students on the effect of lip position and gingival display upon smiling and esthetics.

Methods: A photograph of a smiling subject was altered to show varying degrees of gingival display. Female students, who were studying in different colleges, assessed a total of five images, using a numerical rating scale.

The effect of obesity and periodontitis on the expression of antimicrobial peptides in gingival tissues.

Objective: To compare the expression of human beta-defensins (HBD) in the gingival tissues of obese and normal weight systemically healthy subjects.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from March 2010 to November 2011. Twenty obese (10 affected with periodontitis and 10 periodontally healthy), and 20 normal weight subjects (10 affected with periodontitis and 10 periodontally healthy) were selected.

Reduced systemic inflammatory mediators after treatment of chronic gingivitis.

Objective: To assess the changes in the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after treatment of chronic gingivitis in systemically healthy individuals.

Methods: This is a clinical trial conducted at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America from February to December 2011. A total of 41 systemically healthy subjects were assigned to 2 groups according to the severity of gingival inflammation.

The malaria transition on the Arabian Peninsula: progress toward a malaria-free region between 1960-2010.

The transmission of malaria across the Arabian Peninsula is governed by the diversity of dominant vectors and extreme aridity. It is likely that where malaria transmission was historically possible it was intense and led to a high disease burden. Here, we review the speed of elimination, approaches taken, define the shrinking map of risk since 1960 and discuss the threats posed to a malaria-free Arabian Peninsula using the archive material, case data and published works.

Prevalence of gingival biotype and its relationship to dental malocclusion.

Objective: To study the prevalence of different gingival biotypes in a sample of patients and the association between gingival biotype and different dental malocclusions.

Methods: Two hundred adult patients (100 males and 100 females) who presented for treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were recruited from February 2011 to February 2012. Gingival thickness was assessed for the maxillary central incisors using the transparency of periodontal probe technique.

Effect of periodontal treatment on serum C-reactive protein level in obese and normal-weight women affected with chronic periodontitis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of conventional periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and periodontal status in obese and normal-weight chronic periodontitis patients.

Methods: This is a controlled clinical trial conducted at the King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2009 and March 2011. A total of 40 women affected with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected (20 obese [test group] and 20 normal-weight [control]).

Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing in treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers.

Objective: To compare photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis with scaling and root planing (Sc/Rp) in smokers.

Methods: This is a split-mouth, single-masked randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between May 2010 and March 2011. Fifty-four teeth with probing depth of ≥5mm at one or more periodontal sites in 20 smokers diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected.

Response to periodontal therapy in patients who had weight loss after bariatric surgery and obese counterparts: a pilot study.

Background: Periodontitis and obesity are both chronic health problems, and the literature supports an association between the two. Weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) has been shown to decrease overall mortality as well as the development of new health-related conditions in morbidly obese patients. The present study aims to assess whether significant weight loss would improve the response to non-surgical periodontal therapy in obese patients.