Role of Neurotransmitters (Biomediators) in Plant Responses to Stress.

Plants possess a complex signaling system that enables them to sense and adapt to various environmental stressors, including abiotic factors like extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, and toxic heavy metals. While the roles of hormones and signaling molecules in plant stress responses are well established, the involvement of neurotransmitters-traditionally linked to animal nervous systems-in plant stress physiology is a relatively underexplored area. Recent findings indicate that neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, serotonin, and dopamine play crucial roles in several physiological processes within plants.

Quinoa: A Promising Crop for Resolving the Bottleneck of Cultivation in Soils Affected by Multiple Environmental Abiotic Stresses.

Quinoa ( Willd.) has gained worldwide recognition for its nutritional values, adaptability to diverse environments, and genetic diversity. This review explores the current understanding of quinoa tolerance to environmental stress, focusing on drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B radiation.

Tobacco Plant: A Novel and Promising Heterologous Bioreactor for the Production of Recombinant Bovine Chymosin.

The natural source of chymosin, a key enzyme in the dairy industry, is insufficient for rapidly growing cheese industries. Large-scale production of recombinant proteins in heterologous hosts provides an efficient alternative solution. Here, the codon-optimized synthetic prochymosin gene, which has a CAI index of 0.

Production of functional recombinant roseltide rT1 antimicrobial peptide in tobacco plants.

Plant-derived peptides represent a promising group of natural compounds with broad industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Low-efficiency production level is the major obstacle to the commercial production of such bioactive peptides. Today, recombinant techniques have been developed for fast and cost-effective production of high-quality peptides for various applications in the chemical and food industries.

Micro (nano) plastics uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: Challenges and prospects.

Plastic pollution has emerged as a global challenge affecting ecosystem health and biodiversity conservation. Terrestrial environments exhibit significantly higher plastic concentrations compared to aquatic systems. Micro/nano plastics (MNPs) have the potential to disrupt soil biology, alter soil properties, and influence soil-borne pathogens and roundworms.

Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis SOS3 increases salinity tolerance in Petunia.

Background: Salinity stress is one of the most important rising problems worldwide. It significantly reduces plant growth and development, mainly by provoking excessive uptake of ions such as Na. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) machinery is a well-known signaling pathway that help plants to maintain ion homeostasis by reducing Na accumulation in plant cells.

Transfer and Expression of Native Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Tobacco Chloroplasts.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in addition to having insulin-like effects, has boosting effects on all cells in human body. Most of the recombinant IGF-1 required for patients suffering from its deficiency is currently produced by bacterial and yeast systems. Plant systems, especially chloroplasts, have many benefits for producing human blood proteins.

Identification of differentially expressed genes in salt-tolerant oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotype by RNA sequencing.

Background: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is widely planted as an oilseed crop worldwide. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that negatively affect crop growth and productivity.

Stable Transformation of the by Particle Bombardment.

Background: A highly efficient genetic transformation system is essential for a successful genetic manipulation of the African violet ( Wendl.).

Objectives: Developing a particle bombardment-based genetic transformation system for the African violet.

A leaf-based regeneration and transformation system for maize (Zea mays L.).

Efficient methods for in vitro propagation, regeneration, and transformation of plants are of pivotal importance to both basic and applied research. While being the world's major food crops, cereals are among the most difficult-to-handle plants in tissue culture which severely limits genetic engineering approaches. In maize, immature zygotic embryos provide the predominantly used material for establishing regeneration-competent cell or callus cultures for genetic transformation experiments.