Role of CRISPR-cas system on virulence traits and carbapenem resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Background And Objectives: The bacterial adaptive immune system known as CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein) is engaged in defense against various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids and bacteriophages. The purpose of this study was to characterize the CRISPR-Cas systems in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and assess any possible correlation between these systems with antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and bacterial virulence.

Materials And Methods: A total of 156 CRKP isolates were collected from different specimens of the inpatients.

Cytotoxicity assessment and antimicrobial effects of cell-free supernatants from probiotic lactic acid bacteria and yeast against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli.

The antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity activity of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from probiotics, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli evaluated in current research. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the CFSs were determined by analyzing inhibition zone formation using agar disk diffusion for antibacterial activity, microtiter plate for biofilm analysis, and auto-aggregation were done. CFSs substances were analyzed by GC-MS.

Role of CRISPR-Cas systems and anti-CRISPR proteins in bacterial antibiotic resistance.

The emergence and development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a serious threat to global public health. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are often located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs). They can be transferred among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), leading to the spread of drug-resistant strains and antibiotic treatment failure.

Prevalence of the CRISPR-cas system and its association with antibiotic resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Background And Objective(s): CRISPR-Cas is a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that protects bacteria and archaea against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as bacteriophages plasmids, and transposons. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of the CRISPR-Cas systems and their association with antibiotic resistance in one of the most challenging bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Materials And Methods: A total of 105 K.

Colonization of the gut mucosa of colorectal cancer patients by pathogenic mucosa-associated Escherichia coli strains.

Some strains of Escherichia coli are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of current study was to compare the general characteristics of the E. coli from CRC patients and healthy participants.

CRISPR-like sequences association with antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in clinical isolates.

Role of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-like sequences in antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation isn't clear. This study investigated association of CRISPR-like sequences with antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in isolates. Thirty-six of isolates were studied for existence of CRISPR-like sequences using PCR method and their correlation with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.

Induction of proteome changes involved in the cloning of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Escherichia coli DH5-α strain to evaluate colistin resistance.

Objectives: Plasmid genes, termed mobile colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1) and mobile colistin resistance-2 (mcr-2), are associated with resistance to colistin in Escherichia coli (E. coli). These mcr genes result in a range of protein modifications contributing to colistin resistance.

Molecular diagnosis, phylogenetic analysis, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from neutropenic oncological patients.

Background: Neutropenia is the most important cause of life-threatening invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Here, we studied the frequency and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species that colonized or caused infections among neutropenic patients with solid or hematological malignancies.

Methods: A total of 362 clinical samples were collected from 138 patients.

Gut Microbiota Exchange in Domestic Animals and Rural-urban People Axis.

In recent years, one of the most critical topics in microbiology that can be addressed is microbiome and microbiota. The term microbiome contains both the microbiota and structural elements, metabolites/signal molecules, and the surrounding environmental conditions, and the microbiota consists of all living members forming the microbiome. Among; the intestinal microbiota is one of the most important microbiota, also called the gut microbiota.

The profile of key gut microbiota members and short-chain fatty acids in patients with sepsis.

Sepsis is a complex clinical disorder with heterogeneous etiological factors. Given its high mortality rate, it is considered a global health issue. Recently, the link between gut microbiota and their metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids, in the pathophysiology of sepsis has been reported.

Genetic diversity of isolates from northwest of Iran during COVID-19 era.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is considered one of the most infectious diseases in the world. In this study, we intended to examine the epidemiology of tuberculosis by MIRU-VNTR to define the changes that occur in the transmission of tuberculosis in the region during the COVID-19 era. A total of 120 isolates were collected from sputum samples of patients referred to East Azerbaijan Center TB from December 2020 to August 2021.

The Antibacterial Effect of Ciprofloxacin Loaded Calcium Carbonate (CaCO) Nanoparticles Against the Common Bacterial Agents of Osteomyelitis.

The present study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility, antibacterial/anti-biofilm effects of ciprofloxacin-loaded calcium carbonate (Cip- loaded CaCO) nanoparticles against the common organisms responsible for osteomyelitis. The antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities were studied by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), respectively. Hemolytic effects were determined for studying hemocompatibility.

Molecular Detection and Characterization of the and Isolated from Hospitalized Patients and Healthcare Workers in Iran.

Background: The present study is aimed at surveying the antibiotics resistance profile, biofilm formation ability, staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) types, and molecular epidemiology of and isolated from hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in four teaching hospitals in Iran.

Methods: In total, 43 and 12 were isolated from hospitalized patients, and 19 and 7 isolated from healthcare workers were included in the present study. The antimicrobial resistance profile of isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method.

An Alliance of Carbapenem-Resistant with Precise Capsular Serotypes and Clinical Determinants: A Disquietude in Hospital Setting.

Carbapenemase-resistant (CRKP) is a genuine burden for physicians and researchers. We aimed at carbapenemase resistance and its relation with capsular serotyping in . and studied some clinical determinants, which may influence the clinical infections.

Contribution of Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and Copper and Mercury Resistance Element in Methicillin-Resistant : A Vantage Point.

Different clones of community-acquired methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA) are dominating geographically. One of the significant, hypervirulent, CA-MRSA and a significant health concern clones is USA3000, found worldwide regionally with varying frequencies. The clone harbors several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and copper and mercury resistance genes (COMER), accomplished by horizontal gene transfer from .

Postbiotics versus probiotics in early-onset colorectal cancer.

Probiotics and postbiotics mechanisms of action and applications in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) prevention and treatment have significant importance but are a matter of debate and controversy. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to define the probiotics concept, advantages and limitations in comparison to postbiotics, and proposed mechanisms of anti-tumor action in EOCRC prevention and treatment of postbiotics. Biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics) could confer the health benefit by affecting the host gut microbiota directly and indirectly.

Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors.

Colorectal cancer is a type of gut cancer originating either from the rectum or colon. Genetic and environmental factors, such as the gut microbiome, play pivotal roles in colorectal cancer incidence rates. Therefore, we aimed to review the risk factors of CRC comprising gut bacteriomes and their intra-interactions with each other in the context of CRC development.

Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of spp. Isolated from Traditional Cheese Types.

Background: Enterococci are naturally found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals and humans, as well as animal-derived foods and vegetables. We here aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence determinants of E. faecium and E.

Genetic characterization of extensive drug resistant : an appalling impediment.

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii infections are a growing public-health concern. The bacterium's potentiality to acquire resistance to a number of commonly used antibiotics has turned it into a formidable pathogen.

Aims: Molecular characterization of extensive drug resistant (XDR) typing of A.

Carbapenem resistance in Bacteroides fragilis: A review of molecular mechanisms.

Carbapenems are an applicable subclass of β-lactam drugs in the antibiotic therapy of anaerobic infections, especially for poly-microbial cases, due to their broad antimicrobial spectrum on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is the most commonly recovered anaerobic bacteria in the clinical laboratories from mono- and poly-microbial infections. B.

Interaction Between Altered Gut Microbiota and Sepsis: A Hypothesis or an Authentic Fact?

Sepsis, as an important public health concern, is one of the leading causes of death in hospitals around the world, accounting for 25% of all deaths. Nowadays, several factors contribute to the development of sepsis. The role of the gut microbiota and the response state of the aberrant immune system is dominant.

Roles of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Carcinogenesis Providing a Perspective for Early Diagnosis and Treatment.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignant neoplasm in the world. CRC is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Through toxin-mediated DNA damage and the promotion of persistent dysregulated inflammation, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of CRC.

Mucosa-Associated in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Control Subjects: Variations in the Prevalence and Attributing Features.

Accumulating evidence indicates that specific strains of mucosa-associated () can influence the development of colorectal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characterization of mucosa-associated obtained from the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and control group. At two referral university-affiliated hospitals in northwest Iran, 100 patients, 50 with CRC and 50 without, were studied over the course of a year.

Evaluation of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 among Hospitalized Children in Northwest of Iran.

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the leading cause of illnesses in children. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are among the most common etiologic agents associated with viral respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. Nevertheless, limited information is available on the spread of infections of these two viruses in northwest Iran.