PLoS One
December 2024
J Prev Med Public Health
November 2024
Statistical testing in medicine is a controversial and commonly misunderstood topic. Despite decades of efforts by renowned associations and international experts, fallacies such as nullism, the magnitude fallacy, and dichotomania are still widespread within clinical and epidemiological research. This can lead to serious health errors (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Healthcare providers (HCPs) practice and correct management of suspected malaria (CMSM) are central components of malaria elimination and prevention of re-establishment (POR) in countries in the elimination phase. However, knowledge of malaria surveillance systems and HCPs practices often wanes in countries aiming to eliminate malaria due to the low numbers of cases. The study aimed to implement a valid Simulated Malaria Online Tool (SMOT) for assessment HCP performance in CMSM and POR in a malaria-free area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn medical research, some variables are conditionally defined on some levels of another variable, leading to conditional missing data. Imputation of this type of structural missing data is needed given inefficiency of listwise deletion inherent in regression modeling. Using some examples, we illustrate handling of conditional missing values using simple imputation procedures in etiologic and prediction research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunct Integr Genomics
September 2024
Background: Disease latency is defined as the time from disease initiation to disease diagnosis. Disease latency bias (DLB) can arise in epidemiological studies that examine latent outcomes, since the exact timing of the disease inception is unknown and might occur before exposure initiation, potentially leading to bias. Although DLB can affect epidemiological studies that examine different types of chronic disease (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs widely noted in the literature and by international bodies such as the American Statistical Association, severe misinterpretations of -values, confidence intervals, and statistical significance are sadly common in public health. This scenario poses serious risks concerning terminal decisions such as the approval or rejection of therapies. Cognitive distortions about statistics likely stem from poor teaching in schools and universities, overly simplified interpretations, and - as we suggest - the reckless use of calculation software with predefined standardized procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough previous findings have shown the beneficial role of healthy eating pattern on the human immune system, the association between plant-based diet and COVID-19 severity has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the possible role of plant-based diet index (PDI) in COVID-19 severity. This cross-sectional, multicentral study was conducted on 141 patients with confirmed COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The first 1000 days of life are critical for a child's health and development. Impaired growth during this period is linked to increased child morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences. Undernutrition is the main cause, and addressing it within the first 1000 days of life is vital.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still not well-demonstrated, and assessment of some risk factors like alcohol consumption has problems like confounding and measurement bias. To determine the causal effect of alcohol consumption on MS after adjusting for alcohol consumption misclassification bias and confounders.
Methods: In a population-based incident case-control study, 547 patients with MS and 1057 healthy people were recruited.
Background: Causal directed acyclic graphs (cDAGs) are frequently used to identify confounding and collider bias. We demonstrate how to use causal directed acyclic graphs to adjust for collider bias in the hospitalized Covid-19 setting.
Materials And Methods: According to the cDAGs, three types of modeling have been performed.
Combination chemotherapy appears to be a preferable option for some cancer patients, especially when the medications target multiple pathways of oncogenesis; individuals treated with combination treatments may have a better prognosis than those treated with single agent chemotherapy. However, research has revealed that this is not always the case, and that this technique may just enhance toxicity while having little effect on boosting the anticancer effects of the medications. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic medicine that is commonly used to treat many forms of cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe aimed to review the validity of existing prediction models for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Asia. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we included studies that validated prediction models for CVD risk in the general population in Asia. Various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science conference proceedings citation index, Scopus, Global Index Medicus of the World Health Organization (WHO), and Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD), were searched up to November 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To determine inequality and decompose it's in Self-Rated Health (SRH).
Method: This population-based cross-sectional study was undertaken on the entire population of the city of Ilam, Iran, in 2023. Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling with proportion-to-size approach was used to select the participants.
Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide. Clinical guidelines consider metabolic syndrome as an all or none medical condition. One proposed method for classifying metabolic syndrome is latent class analysis (LCA).
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