A Novel Method Based on ERP and Brain Graph for the Simultaneous Assessment of Various Types of Attention.

Assessment of attention is of great importance as one of human cognitive abilities. Although neuropsychological tests have been developed and used to evaluate the ability to pay attention, their validity and reliability have been reduced due to some limitations such as the presence of intervention factors, including human factors, limited range of languages, and cultural influences. Therefore, direct outputs of the brain system, represented by event-related potentials (ERPs), and the analysis of its function in cognitive activities have become very important as a complementary tool to assess various types of attention.

Wood ash biocatalyst as a novel green catalyst and its application for the synthesis of benzochromene derivatives.

Wood ash is a naturally alkaline derived substance containing organic and inorganic constituents. This study investigates the catalytic activity of wood ash as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzochromene derivatives. Several wood ash catalysts, comprising calcium- and potassium-rich carbonates, were prepared from different natural resources under various combustion temperatures.

Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants.

The human population is generally subjected to diverse pollutants and contaminants in the environment like those in the air, soil, foodstuffs, and drinking water. Therefore, the development of novel purification techniques and efficient detection devices for pollutants is an important challenge. To date, experts in the field have designed distinctive analytical procedures for the detection of pollutants including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Recent developments in conducting polymers: applications for electrochemistry.

Scientists have categorized conductive polymers as materials having strongly reversible redox behavior and uncommon combined features of plastics and metal. Because of their multifunctional characteristics, , simplistic synthesis, acceptable environmental stability, beneficial optical, electronic, and mechanical features, researchers have largely considered them for diverse applications. Therefore, their capability of catalyzing several electrode reactions has been introduced as one of their significant features.

Synthesis of Grafted Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Hydrogel and Study of Its Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Electronic Properties.

Hydrogels were synthesized by a copolymerization reaction of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) and ,-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker and their absorption performance as a function of composition was determined. Hydrogels with 4% by weight CNF had swelling of about 250 g/g and with 7% CNF about 200 g/g for water. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the reaction pathways and the electronic properties of the cellulose and monomers were investigated through density functional theory calculations.

Ultrasound-promoted Green Synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline Derivatives and Studies on their Antioxidant Activity.

Unlabelled: Aims & Objective: An efficient procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives in excellent yields was investigated using catalyst-free multicomponent reaction of phthaladehyde, methylamine, activated acetylenic compounds, alkyl bromides and triphenylphosphine in water under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. In addition, Diels- Alder reactions of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives with activated acetylenic compounds under ultrasonic irradiation are investigated in two procedures. The advantages of this procedure compared to report methods are short time of reaction, high yields of product, easy separation of product, clean mixture of reaction and green media for performing reaction.

Fabrication of magnetic iron oxide-supported copper oxide nanoparticles (FeO/CuO): modified screen-printed electrode for electrochemical studies and detection of desipramine.

The present investigation examines a sensitive electrochemical technique to detect desipramine through FeO/CuO nanoparticles (NPs). FeO/CuO NPs were synthesized a coprecipitation procedure, and the products were characterized energy disperse spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The voltage-current curve and differential pulse voltammetry examinations of FeO/CuO-modified screen-printed electrode (FeO/CuO/SPE) were followed by the determination of electro-catalytic activities toward desipramine oxidation in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.

Pd (II) Immobilized on Clinoptilolite as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Ullmann Coupling-type S-arylation of Thiols with Aryl Halides.

Background: There are a number of protocols for Ullmann coupling-type S-arylation reactions, many of them suffer from the use of homogenous and often corrosive catalyst, cumbersome workup procedures, and long reaction times. Besides, many of these reagents are expensive and non-recoverable, leading to the generation of a large amount of toxic waste particularly when large-scale applications are considered.

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare a new Pd catalyst bonded on the surface of zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst.

Molecular docking studies, biological evaluation and synthesis of novel 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole derivatives.

Synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds having effective biological activity is an essential research area for wide-ranging applications. In this study, a conventional methodology has been developed for the synthesis of a series of new 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 4a-f. The purity and structure of the synthesized molecules were confirmed by H NMR, C NMR and elemental analysis.

Recent Advances in Applications of Voltammetric Sensors Modified with Ferrocene and Its Derivatives.

This study is on current developments concerning ferrocene (FC) and its derivatives on the basis of electrochemical biosensors and sensors. The distinct physiochemical characteristics of FC have enabled the development of new sensor devices, specifically electrochemical sensors. Several articles have focused on the implementation of FC as an electrode constituent while discussing its electrochemical behavior.

Rendering Redox Reactions of Cathodes in Li-Ion Capacitors Enabled by Lanthanides.

Capacitors allow extremely fast charge and discharge operations, which is a challenge faced by recent metal-ion batteries despite having highly improved energy densities. Thus, combined type electric energy storage devices that can integrate high energy density and high power density with high potentials, can overcome the shortcomings of the current metal-ion batteries and capacitors. However, the limited capacities of cathode materials owing to the barren redox reactions are regarded as an obstacle for the development of future high-performance hybrid metal-ion capacitors.

Optimal selection of SOP and SPH using fuzzy inference system for on-line epileptic seizure prediction based on EEG phase synchronization.

Living conditions of patients with refractory epilepsy will be significantly improved by a successful prediction of epileptic seizures. A proper warning impending seizure system should be resulted not only in high accuracy and low false positive alarms but also in suitable prediction time. In this study, the mean phase coherence index was used as a reliable indicator for identifying the pre-ictal period of 21-patient Freiburg dataset.

An efficient and reusable nano catalyst for the synthesis of benzoxanthene and chromene derivatives.

Potassium fluoride impregnated on clinoptilolite nanoparticles (KF/CP NPs) was investigated as an efficient solid base catalyst for multicomponent condensation reaction. A broad range of aromatic aldehydes and enolizable compounds were condensed with 2-naphthol or 4-hydroxycumarine. The reaction was carried out under a solvent-free condition to give the corresponding benzoxanthene and pyrano [3,2-c]chromene derivatives in high yields.

Calcium-doped single-wall nanotubes (Ca/SWCNTs) as a superior carrier for atropine drug delivery: a quantum-chemical study in gas and solvent phases.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Surface modification of nanosatrch using nano silver: a potential antibacterial for food package coating.

Starch nanocrystal was prepared using weak sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 40 °C. Transmission electron micrographs of dilute suspensions of starch nanocrystals showed round particles with a diameter ranging from 20 to 40 nm. SEM of freeze dried samples showed separated particles between 40 and 100 nm and confirmed production of starch nano particles.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using onion extract and their application for the preparation of a modified electrode for determination of ascorbic acid.

A high-quality method for one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using onion extracts as reductant and stabilizer is reported. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the AgNP absorption band was located at a peak of 397 nm in aqueous solution.

Emotional stress recognition using a new fusion link between electroencephalogram and peripheral signals.

Background: This paper proposes a new emotional stress assessment system using multi-modal bio-signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the reflection of brain activity and is widely used in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.

Methods: We design an efficient acquisition protocol to acquire the EEG signals in five channels (FP1, FP2, T3, T4 and Pz) and peripheral signals such as blood volume pulse, skin conductance (SC) and respiration, under images induction (calm-neutral and negatively excited) for the participants.

Nano Clinoptilolite: Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives Under Solvent-Free Conditions.

An efficient and selective synthesis of substituted chromene derivatives via three-component reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, activated acetylenic compounds and N-nucleophiles is described. The reaction was conducted under solvent-free conditions at 70°C using potassium fluoride impregnated on natural zeolite as a cheap and available solid base. The procedure has several advantages involving selectivity, excellent yields and a convenient work-up method.

Synthesis of a new class of furo[3,2-c]coumarins and its anticancer activity.

A series of furo[3,2-c]coumarin derivatives 1a-d were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 breast and HCT-15 colon cancer cell lines using Sulfo-rhodamine B (SRB) assay. Compounds 1b and 1d showed higher antiproliferative activity than 1a and 1c. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used for DNA and BSA-binding affinity of the compounds 1b and 1d and gave overall affinity constants of K1b-DNA=8.

A high sensitive electrochemical nanosensor for simultaneous determination of glutathione, NADH and folic acid.

In the present study, we report electrosynthesis of 4,5-bis(4-chloroanilino)-1,2-benzendiol (BCB) and its application as a selective electrochemical mediator at a surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified ZnO/CNTs nanocomposite as a simple and rapid voltammetric sensor. The sensor showed an efficient catalytic activity for the electro-oxidation of glutathione (GSH), which leads to a lowered overpotential by more than 203 mV compared to unmodified carbon paste electrode. For the mixture containing GSH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and folic acid (FA), the electrooxidation signals were well separated.

A new strategy for determination of bisphenol A in the presence of Sudan I using a ZnO/CNTs/ionic liquid paste electrode in food samples.

The electrochemistry of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied by voltammetric methods at a surface of carbon paste electrode modified by a ZnO/CNTs nanocomposite and room-temperature ionic liquid of 1,3-dipropylimidazolium bromide. The ratio of ZnO/CNTs and ionic liquid (IL) on the surface of the electrode has to be controlled carefully because the charging currents. The anodic peaks of BPA and Sudan I in their mixture can be well separated.

Immunomodulatory effects of 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-ethanone from Petasites hybridus and its synthesized benzoxazepine derivatives.

1-(6-Hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-ethanone (1), isolated from the roots of Petasites hybridus L., and a series of synthetic benzoxazepine derivatives of compound 1 (2-6) were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects. The compounds were evaluated for their effects on the respiratory burst of human whole blood and isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) using luminol- and lucigenin-based chemiluminescence (CL) assays, and their effect on chemotactic migration of PMNs was assessed using the Boyden chamber technique.

Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from the bark of Litsea costalis.

The bark of Litsea costalis affords two new compounds named 4,4'-diallyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphennyl]-2,2'-diol, biseugenol A (1) and 2,2'-oxybis (4-allyl-1-methoxybenzene), biseugenol B (2) along with two known compounds (3-4), namely 5-methoxy-2-Hydroxy Benzaldehyde (3), and (E)-4-styrylphenol (4). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined using 1D and 2D NMR data. Also, the IR and NMR data were combined with quantum chemical calculations in the DFT approach using the hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation function to confirm the structures of the compounds.

High sensitive voltammetric sensor based on Pt/CNTs nanocomposite modified ionic liquid carbon paste electrode for determination of Sudan I in food samples.

In this work, a simple and high sensitivity electrochemical sensor was developed to determine Sudan I based on Pt/CNTs nanocomposite ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode (Pt/CNTs/ILCPE) using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods. The novel sensor exhibited an obviously catalytic activity towards the oxidation of Sudan I, which can be confirmed by the increased oxidation peak current and the decreased oxidation peak potential when compared with the bare carbon paste electrode (CPE). The electron transfer coefficient (α), diffusion coefficient (D), and charge transfer resistance (Rct) of Sudan I at the modified electrode were calculated.

A new strategy for determination of hydroxylamine and phenol in water and waste water samples using modified nanosensor.

A carbon paste electrode modified with p-chloranil and carbon nanotubes was used for the sensitive and selective voltammetric determination of hydroxylamine (HX) and phenol (PL). The oxidation of HX at the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperommetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The values of the catalytic rate constant (k), and diffusion coefficient (D) for HX were calculated.