Assessing the performance of AI-assisted technicians in liver segmentation, Couinaud division, and lesion detection: a pilot study.

Background: In patients with primary and secondary liver cancer, the number and sizes of lesions, their locations within the Couinaud segments, and the volume and health status of the future liver remnant are key for informing treatment planning. Currently this is performed manually, generally by trained radiologists, who are seeing an inexorable growth in their workload. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and non-radiologist personnel into the workflow potentially addresses the increasing workload without sacrificing accuracy.

Deep Immune Phenotyping and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Allow Identification of Circulating TRM-Like Cells Which Correlate With Liver-Stage Immunity and Vaccine-Induced Protection From Malaria.

Protection from liver-stage malaria requires high numbers of CD8+ T cells to find and kill -infected cells. A new malaria vaccine strategy, prime-target vaccination, involves sequential viral-vectored vaccination by intramuscular and intravenous routes to target cellular immunity to the liver. Liver tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells have been shown to be necessary and sufficient for protection against rodent malaria by this vaccine regimen.

Clinical Performance Status and Technical Factors Affecting Outcomes from Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Interventions; A Multicentre, Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of a 'Modified Karnofsky Scoring System' on outcomes and provide real-world data regarding the UK practice of biliary interventions.

Materials And Methods: A prospective multi-centred cohort study was performed. The pre-procedure modified Karnofsky score, the incidence of sepsis, complications, biochemical improvement and mortality were recorded out to 30 days post procedure.

Pain Management Protocols During Uterine Fibroid Embolisation: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.

Background: Uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE) is an effective treatment for fibroids. There are varying analgesia protocols published to control procedure associated pain. We aimed to assess what protocols are most effective in controlling post-procedural pain.

A retrospective review of the role of B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography in the investigation of primary hyperparathyroidism: Features that differentiate benign from malignant lesions.

Purpose: To identify the variant features encountered in parathyroid abnormalities and document those suggesting malignant change.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected from a cohort of patients who underwent investigation for primary hyperparathyroidism over a 10-year period. Ultrasonographic features: shape, presence of calcification, cystic changes, heterogeneous echogenicity, vascularity, capsular thickening, local invasion, and vascularity were reviewed retrospectively and were used to correlate with final histological findings.

Castleman's disease: A rare indication for endovascular therapy for hemoptysis.

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lympho-proliferative disorder due to faulty immune regulation resulting in proliferation of lymphatic tissue. The vascular supply to these lesions have been reported to arise from the bronchial, internal mammary and the intercostal arteries. We report a case of hemoptysis secondary to intrathoracic CD with vascular supply arising from the left inferior phrenic artery which was successfully embolised with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles.

Typical and atypical benign liver lesions: A review.

Focal liver lesions are routinely encountered by clinical radiologists and represent a wide spectrum of pathology. Majority of these lesions are likely to be benign in nature, especially in the absence of chronic liver disease or primary cancer. A radiologist must be aware of common and uncommon imaging features of benign lesions across the various imaging modalities.

Contrast-enhanced US-guided Interventions: Improving Success Rate and Avoiding Complications Using US Contrast Agents.

Ultrasonography (US) is an established modality for intervention. The introduction of microbubble US contrast agents (UCAs) has the potential to further improve US imaging for intervention. According to licensing, UCAs are currently approved for clinical use in restricted situations, but many additional indications have become accepted as having clinical value.

Recanalisation of Chronically Occluded Remote Superficial Femoral Artery Endarterectomy Through Angioplasty for Limb Salvage.

We report a novel application of balloon angioplasty to recanalise a chronically occluded remote endarterectomy superficial femoral artery. This patient previously had two occluded surgical bypass grafts in an attempt to revascularise the limb and presented with critical limb ischaemia and necrotic foot ulcerations. Following the angioplasty, the patient showed significant improvement in rest pain and healing of the ulcerations.

OUTBACK catheter for treatment of superficial femoral and iliac artery chronic total occlusion: Experience from two centers.

Purpose: The OUTBACK(®) catheter is a reentry device that enables reentry into a vessel lumen from the subintimal space during subintimal angioplasty. It is reserved for cases where reentry has not been possible using conventional wire and catheter techniques. We report a two-center experience in recanalization of the chronic total occlusions of the common iliac (CIA) and the superficial femoral artery (SFA) using the OUTBACK(®) catheter in cases where other techniques were unsuccessful.

Acute aortic syndrome-pitfalls on gated and non-gated CT scan.

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening condition which includes aortic dissection (AD), penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU) and intramural hematoma (IMH). Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of this condition and for further clinical follow-up. It is important for radiologists to be aware of common pitfalls in cardiac-gated and non-gated CT in diagnosing AAS.

Mimics of acute coronary syndrome on MDCT.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of unstable coronary artery disease ranging from transmural myocardial infarction to unstable angina. The immediate management of these patients is dictated by the presence/absence of ST segment changes on electrocardiogram. More and more patients with non-ST elevation ACS are bypassing traditional diagnostic pathways to undergo urgent coronary catheter angiography.

Is There a Role of Double Reporting and CT Pelvis for Lung Cancer Staging?

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Staging of lung cancer involves CT of chest and abdomen. Subsequently these are discussed in MDT and if required PET imaging is arranged.

The MPTP status during early reoxygenation is critical for cardioprotection.

Background: Previous studies have revealed that the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) plays a critical role in necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Given the opposed roles of the MPTP in cardioprotection (transient versus sustained opening) the primary aim of this study was to determine how two structurally different MPTP inhibitors (cyclosporine A and bongkrekic acid) administered for varying time regimes influenced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in myocardial slices from rat left ventricle. A second objective was to explore how pharmacologic MPTP opening (using atractyloside) at different time points during I/R modulated myocardial injury.

Diagnosis of malignancy of prostate.

Minimal or complete lack of symptoms hinders early diagnosis of malignancy of prostate leading to undue morbidity and mortality. Therefore early detection is imperative, making use of simple and safe technique with least of expense. Five hundred consecutive patients, who reported with urinary complaints, were assessed by digital rectal examination, transabdominal suprapubic ultrasonography for prostatic volume/weight and serum assay of prostate specific antigen (PSA).