Endophthalmitis Following Inadvertent Intraocular Botulinum Toxin A Injection.

Botulinum toxin A injection is a safe alternative procedure to surgery in the management of different types of strabismus. Serious complications such as globe perforation are rare in expert hands. The authors report a case of a child known to have a muscle-eye-brain disease with high myopia who developed endophthalmitis following inadvertent penetrating intraocular botulinum toxin A injection for strabismus correction.

Long-term peripheral retinal vascular behavior in retinopathy of prematurity patients treated with ranibizumab intravitreal injection as monotherapy using fluorescein angiography.

Background: Few challenges are faced with the introduction of anti-VEGF agents as a modality of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. The clinical behavior and time course of regression post injection differ compared to post laser ablation. This study aims to evaluate the long-term peripheral retinal vascularization outcome of Ranibizumab intravitreal injections monotherapy in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

A 15-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a history of bilateral blurred vision for one day, with greater severity in the right eye. Fundus examinations revealed cotton wool spots, dot hemorrhage, and hard exudate. She underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), which showed the presence of macula ischemia, decreased vascular density, mild retinal fluid, severe ischemia, some macular edema, and vascular sheathing, indicating active vasculitis in the right eye.

Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort.

Objective: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of its reported anti-viral activity. This study examined the association of chronic HCQ use with the incidence and complications of COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults with rheumatoid arthritis and/or systemic lupus erythematosus who visited rheumatology clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2019 and December 2020.

Saudi Arabia Guidelines for diabetic macular edema: A consensus of the Saudi Retina Group.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are major public health burdens in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is 19.7% and the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME) is 5.

Outcomes and Determinants of Posterior Dislocated Intraocular Lens Management at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Central Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the determinants of visual outcomes, complications after managing the posterior dislocated intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: Patients with posterior dislocated IOL managed between 2002 and 2016 in our institute were reviewed. Ocular status and causes for dislocation were noted.

Outcomes of Pneumatic Retinopexy for the Management of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment at a Tertiary Care Center.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to report the outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients with RRD who were managed with PR at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital between 2000 and 2014. Data were collected on preoperative ocular history, characteristics of the RRD, postoperative anatomical and visual outcomes, and secondary surgeries.

Clinical presentation and etiology of osteomalacia/rickets in adolescents.

This study was conducted to determine the causes and clinical presentations of osteomalacia/rickets in adolescents seen at the King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh. Because osteomalacia and rickets constitute the same entity, the term osteomalacia will be used for future discussion. A retrospective file review was performed on all adolescents (10-16 years) with osteomalacia, defined as alkaline phosphatase levels ≥500 IU/L, seen at the KAMC, Riyadh, from 2000 to 2006.