Nanoliposomal thyme () essential oil: Effects of formulation parameters.

Essential oils with antimicrobial or antioxidant activities have received extensive attention among customers, manufacturers, and food scientists, especially with rising worries about the safety of synthetic food preservatives. However, like other functional lipid compounds their incorporation into aqueous systems is challenging, due to their less water solubility. Furthermore, their susceptibility to light, moisture, heat, and oxygen origins their less chemical and structural stabilities.

Synthesis of TiO (B) and High-temperature Stable Anatase TiO Nanowires by Hydrothermal Method and Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity.

In this study, TiO nanowires (TNWs) were synthesized through hydrothermal method and were characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET techniques. Monoclinic TiO (B) is the dominant phase of TNWs up to 600°C which is completely transformed into a highly crystalline anatase phase at 800°C. The photocatalytic activity of TNWs, prepared at various calcination temperatures, was investigated in the removal of Rhodamine B as an organic model pollutant.

Horizontally rotating disc recirculated photoreactor with TiO-P25 nanoparticles immobilized onto a HDPE plate for photocatalytic removal of p-nitrophenol.

In this study, a horizontally rotating disc recirculated (HRDR) photoreactor equipped with two UV lamps (6 W) was designed and fabricated for photocatalytic removal of p-nitrophenol (PNP). Photocatalyst (TiO) nanoparticles were immobilized onto a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) disc, and PNP containing solution was allowed to flow (flow rate of 310 mL min) in radial direction along the surface of the rotating disc illuminated with UV light. The efficiency of direct photolysis and photocatalysis and the effect of rotating speed on the removal of PNP were studied in the HRDR photoreactor.

A high-efficient batch-recirculated photoreactor packed with immobilized TiO2-P25 nanoparticles onto glass beads for photocatalytic degradation of phenazopyridine as a pharmaceutical contaminant: artificial neural network modeling.

In this study, removal efficiency of phenazopyridine (PhP) as a model pharmaceutical contaminant was investigated in a batch-recirculated photoreactor packed with immobilized TiO2-P25 nanoparticles on glass beads. Influence of various operational parameters such as irradiation time, initial concentration of PhP, volume of solution, volumetric flow rate, pH and power of light source was investigated. Results indicated that removal percentage increases with the rise of irradiation time, volumetric flow rate and power of light source but decreases with the rise of initial concentration of PhP and volume of solution.

Efficiency of a Photoreactor Packed with Immobilized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Removal of Acid Orange 7.

In this paper, the removal efficiency of Color Index Acid Orange 7 (AO7) as a model contaminant was investigated in a batch-recirculated photoreactor packed with immobilized titanium dioxide type P25 nanoparticles on glass beads. The effects of different operational parameters such as the initial concentration of AO7, the volume of solution, the volumetric flowrate, and the light source power in the photoreactor were investigated. The results indicate that the removal percent increased with the rise in volumetric flowrate and power of the light source, but decreased with the rise of the initial concentration of AO7 and the volume of solution.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of Ce doped cubic-hexagonal ZnTiO3 with highly efficient sonocatalytic activity.

Ce doped ZnTiO3 as a novel catalyst with highly efficient and stable sonocatalytic activity was synthesized via an ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method using non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F127 as structure directing agent. Synthesized samples were characterized by using various techniques, such as XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, ​XRF, BET, DRS, and PL, and their sonocatalytic activity studied toward degradation of p-Nitrophenol as a model organic compound. The synthesized mesoporous Ce/ZnTiO3 had mixed cubic-hexagonal phase with large surface area (118.

Ultrasonic-assisted degradation of phenazopyridine with a combination of Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles and inorganic oxidants.

Pure and samarium doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a sonochemical method and characterized by TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, Pl, and DRS techniques. The average crystallite size of pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was about 20 nm. The sonocatalytic activity of pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles was considered toward degradation of phenazopyridine as a model organic contaminant.

Optimizing adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by NiO nanoparticles using Taguchi and response surface methods.

In the present study, nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel method were used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. To do so, the effect of four parameters including the concentration of Cr(VI), the dosage of NiO, contact time, and pH on the removal of Cr(VI) by NiO nanoparticles were studied. In order to examine and describe the optimum conditions for each of the mentioned parameters, Taguchi and response surface methods were used.

Photo and Chemical Reduction of Copper onto Anatase-Type TiO2 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Surface Hydroxyl Groups as Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysts.

In this study, the photocatalytic efficiency of anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel low-temperature method, were enhanced by a combined process of copper reduction and surface hydroxyl groups enhancement. UV-light-assisted photo and NaBH4 -assisted chemical reduction methods were used for deposition of copper onto TiO2. The surface hydroxyl groups of TiO2 were enhanced with the assistance of NaOH modification.

Ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel synthesis of samarium, cerium co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced sonocatalytic efficiency.

In this work, pure TiO2 and samarium, cerium mono-doped and co-doped TiO2 catalysts were synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method and their sonocatalytic efficiency studied toward removal of Methyl Orange as a model organic pollutant from the textile industry. The relationship of structure and sonocatalytic performance of catalysts was established by using various techniques, such as XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, DRS, and PL. A comparison on the removal efficiency of sonolysis alone and sonocatalytic processes was performed.

Photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol in an aqueous suspension of silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles.

In this work, silver-doped TiO2 (Ag/TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using a photodeposition technique. The prepared Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques. The characterization of Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles using SEM and EDX techniques revealed the dispersion of Ag metal on the surface of TiO2.

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Mg-Impregnated ZnO-SnO2 Coupled Nanoparticles.

ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method; then Mg, with different molar ratios and calcination temperatures, was loaded on the coupled nanoparticles by impregnation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Based on XRD results, the ZnO-SnO2 and Mg/ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles were made of ZnO and SnO2 nanocrystallites.

Characterization and photocatalytic activity of Ag-Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method.

In this study, monometallic and bimetallic silver and copper doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method. Structural and morphological characterizations of prepared nanoparticles were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and N2 physisorption techniques. Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles displayed pure anatase phase with 20-30 nm particle size and a humdrum distribution.

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles in different thermal conditions and modeling its photocatalytic activity with artificial neural network.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by sol gel route. The preparation parameters were optimized in the removal of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). All catalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Influence of operational parameters and kinetics analysis on the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by immobilized ZnO.

In the present work the performance of immobilized ZnO on a glass plate with the heat attachment method has been described for photoreduction of Cr(VI) to the less harmful Cr(III) at different operational parameters. The photoreduction of Cr(VI) on the surface of the immobilized ZnO catalyst was studied as a function of the pH of solution, initial Cr(VI) concentration and ultraviolet (UV) light intensity. Results indicated that the reduction rate decreases with increasing initial concentration of Cr(VI) and initial pH of solution, whereas it increases with increasing UV light intensity.

Investigation of the efficiency of a tubular continuous-flow photoreactor with supported titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the removal of 4-nitrophenol: operational parameters, kinetics analysis and mineralization studies.

In this study, to investigate the application of heterogeneous photocatalysis in the removal of organic contaminants from aqueous media a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor with supported TiO2-P25 on glass plates was designed and constructed. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp which was placed in the center of the quartz tubes. 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a most refractory pollutant was chosen as a probe pollutant to examine the photoreactor efficiency for environmental cleaning applications.

Synthesis of Mg-Doped TiO2 nanoparticles under different conditions and its photocatalytic activity.

In this study, TiO(2)- and Mg-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles with different dopant contents were prepared by sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The results of BET analysis indicated a pore diameter of 8 nm and surface area of 48.

Sol-gel low-temperature synthesis of stable anatase-type TiO2 nanoparticles under different conditions and its photocatalytic activity.

In this work, TiO(2) nanoparticles in anatase phase was prepared by sol-gel low temperature method from titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) as titanium precursor in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH). The effects of synthesis parameters such as AcOH and water ratios, sol formation time, synthesis and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2) nanoparticles were evaluated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller techniques.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Basic Violet 2 using TiO2-SiO2 composite nanoparticles.

In this report, TiO(2) -SiO(2) composite nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal hydrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride and tetraethylorthosilicate as TiO(2) and SiO(2) precursors, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption/desorption and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results indicated that, in comparison with pure TiO(2), TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles had a higher thermal stability, which prevents phase transformation from anatase to rutile.

Enhancement photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles by silver doping with optimization of photodeposition method parameters.

The photocatalytic activity of silver-doped ZnO was tested by photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) as a model contaminant from monoazo textile dyes.

Design equation with mathematical kinetic modeling for photooxidative degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 in an annular continuous-flow photoreactor.

The decolorization of C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7), an anionic monoazo dye of acid class was investigated using UV/H(2)O(2) process in an annular continuous-flow photoreactor (ACFP) as a function of oxidant, dye concentrations, reactor length and volumetric flow rate.

Effect of operational parameters on degradation of Malachite Green by ultrasonic irradiation.

The aim of the present study was to apply ultrasonic technique to remove Malachite Oxalate Green (MG) from aqueous solution. An ultrasonic bath with frequency of 35 kHz was used to investigate the effect of different operational parameters such as MG concentration, power density, temperature, mechanical agitation and addition of EtOH, 2-PrOH and iso-BuOH. Decolorization of MG follows a first order kinetics and hydroxyl radicals have an important role in degradation of MG.

Increasing photoactivity of titanium dioxide immobilized on glass plate with optimization of heat attachment method parameters.

In the present work the optimization of heat attachment method for increasing photoactivity of immobilized TiO2 on glass plate was investigated. Results show that sonication time, TiO2 suspension dosage, immobilization temperature, solvent type and immobilization replications are very effective on the photoactivity of immobilized TiO2 on glass plate on the removal of C.I.

The effect of particle size and crystal structure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the photocatalytic properties.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with different average diameter of particles (8, 18 and 27 nm) and different crystal structure (anatase and rutile) were used for degradation of C.I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) as a model compound.

Nonlinear regression analysis of kinetics of the photocatalytic decolorization of an azo dye in aqueous TiO2 slurry.

The kinetics of decolorization of an anionic monoazo dye of acid class named C.I. Acid Red 27 (AR27) was investigated in the UV/TiO2 process with nonlinear regression analysis.