Near Ground Pathloss Propagation Model Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for Wireless Sensor Network Communication in Forest, Jungle and Open Dirt Road Environments.

In Wireless Sensor Networks which are deployed in remote and isolated tropical areas; such as forest; jungle; and open dirt road environments; wireless communications usually suffer heavily because of the environmental effects on vegetation; terrain; low antenna height; and distance. Therefore; to solve this problem; the Wireless Sensor Network communication links must be designed for their best performance using the suitable electromagnetic wave behavior model in a given environment. This study introduces and analyzes the behavior of the LoRa pathloss propagation model for signals that propagate at near ground or that have low transmitter and receiver antenna heights from the ground (less than 30 cm antenna height).