Pharmacogenomics predictors of aromatic antiepileptic drugs-induced SCARs in the Iraqi patients.

Introduction: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are life-threatening and often linked to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Common types of SCARs include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Immune-mediated mechanisms involving human leukocyte antigen () alleles have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

Comparative Efficacy of MRI and CT in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and accurate imaging is essential for effective diagnosis, management, and prognosis. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) in assessing TBI across various severities. Through a comprehensive search strategy, studies were selected that directly compared MRI and CT in TBI diagnosis, incorporating advanced MRI techniques such as susceptibility-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.

Efficient High-Order Harmonic Generation from the van der Waals Layered Crystal Copper Indium Thiophosphate.

Layered metal thio- and selenophosphates (MTPs) are a family of van der Waals gapped materials that exhibit a multitude of functionalities in terms of magnetic, ferroelectric, and optical properties. Despite the recent progress in terms of understanding the material properties of these compounds, the potential of MTPs as a material class yet needs further scrutiny, especially in terms of nonlinear optical properties. Recent reports of efficient low-order harmonic generation and extremely high third-order nonlinear optical properties in MTPs suggest the potential application of these materials in integrated nanophotonics.

Hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients on capecitabine: examining prevalence, impacts, and associated risk factors at a cancer centre in Malaysia.

Introduction: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) significantly impacts quality of life in cancer patients undergoing capecitabine treatment. This study assessed capecitabine-associated HFS prevalence, its impacts on chemotherapy treatment, and identified risk factors in multiracial Malaysian patients.

Methods: We included adult cancer patients receiving capecitabine at Sarawak General Hospital for at least two cycles from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022.

Investigating the Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Pathological Responses Among Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Introduction: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is controversial. In this study, we aim to determine the association of pathological responses in breast cancer women with T2DM after receiving NACT.

Methods: Medical records of breast cancer women with T2DM who received NACT from January 2016 to January 2021 at the medical center in the Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Pakistan, were identified and retrieved retrospectively.

Qualitative assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of oncologists about precision medicine in cancer patients- study from Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Precision medicine (PM) is in great progressive stages in the West and allows healthcare practitioners (HCPs) to give treatment according to the patient's genetic findings, physiological and environmental characteristics. PM is a relatively new treatment approach in Pakistan Therefore, it is important to investigate the level of awareness, attitude, and challenges faced by oncology physicians while practicing PM for various therapies, especially cancer treatment.

Objectives: The present study aims to explore the level of awareness, attitude, and practice of PM in Pakistan along with the challenges faced by the oncologists for the treatment of cancer using the PM approach.

Developing a new questionnaire of positive contributions to Chinese families by children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background And Aims: A literature review of both Eastern and Western literature regarding families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) revealed limited empirical research that examines ASD in China. Furthermore, most research in this area comes from a deficit model and there is a lack of research that comes from a strengths background. No previous study in China has looked at the positive contributions of children with ASD to their families.

A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Sequential versus Concurrent Intrapleural Instillation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and DNase for Pleural Infection.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with pleural infection requiring intrapleural therapy at two tertiary referral centres.

Results: We included 84 (62.2%) and 51 (37.

Effects of fibre-supplemented enteral feeds on bowel function of non-critically ill tube-fed adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Diarrhoea is common in enterally fed patients and can impact their nutritional and overall outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the potential benefits of fibre-supplemented (FS) feeds on incidence of diarrhoea and stool frequency in non-critically ill tube-fed adults. Databases including PubMed, Embase and CINAHL with full text were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) with adults on exclusive tube feeding, published until August 2022.

AgScPS van der Waals Layered Crystal: A Material with a Unique Combination of Extreme Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Research in two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) has exploded over the past several years for a variety of applications in photonics and optoelectronics. The 2D nature of these materials allows for a very local electronic probe of material as well as flexible integration with other functional components. Herein, using the femtosecond Z-scan technique, we report a giant two photon absorption (TPA) process and its saturation in the van der Waals gapped silver scandium thiophosphate (AgScPS) crystal.

Predictors of Healthcare Workers' Compassionate Care Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Patients' Perspective in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Background: Compassionate care served by healthcare workers (HCWs) has been recognized as one of the most critical aspects of high-quality care. Unfortunately, there is still an unmet need for the assessment of compassionate care from the patient’s perspective. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many new rules were enacted to tackle the raging pandemic, which raised concerns about its effect on compassionate care.

Ultrafast Nonlinear Absorption and Second Harmonic Generation in CuInPS van der Waals Layered Crystals.

The advancement of ultrafast photonics and optoelectronic devices necessitates the exploration of new materials with optical and chemical stability to implement practical applications. Layered quaternary metal-thio/selenophosphate has attracted much interest over the past few years. Ferroelectric CuInPS (CIPS) is an emerging material that belongs to this family.

Interrogating the Roles of Mutation-Selection Balance, Heterozygote Advantage, and Linked Selection in Maintaining Recessive Lethal Variation in Natural Populations.

For nearly a century, evolutionary biologists have observed chromosomes that cause lethality when made homozygous persisting at surprisingly high frequencies (>25%) in natural populations of many species. The evolutionary forces responsible for the maintenance of such detrimental mutations have been heavily debated-are some lethal mutations under balancing selection? We suggest that mutation-selection balance alone cannot explain lethal variation in nature and the possibility that other forces play a role. We review the potential that linked selection in particular may drive maintenance of lethal alleles through associative overdominance or linkage to beneficial mutations or by reducing effective population size.

Validation and Translation of the Relational Aspect of Care Questionnaire into the Malay Language (RAC-QM) to Evaluate the Compassionate Care Level of Healthcare Workers from the Patient's Perspective.

Background: Compassionate care has been increasingly highlighted in the past few decades worldwide, including in Malaysia. Despite acknowledging its importance, Malaysia still lacks a validated tool that can be used to assess the level of compassionate care from the patient's perspective. Therefore, this study aims to validate and translate the Relational Aspect of Care Questionnaire (RAC-Q) into the Malay language.

Attitude and perception of pharmacists and healthcare professionals about the criteria used in drug formulary selection in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: There is lack of both resources and expertise explains the limited extent to which pharmacoeconomic evidence is used in formulary decision-making.

Objectives: The present study aims to assess attitude and perceptions toward the criteria used to select formulary drugs among UAE healthcare organizations.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst the licensed physicians in all specialties, all pharmacists and other healthcare professionals with a minimum of 3 month experience those registered with Ministry of health and prevention and those working in the private sector in the UAE.

Screening and Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Cairo, Egypt.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) prevalence, risk factors and screening outcome in a tertiary hospital in Cairo, Egypt.

Methods: A prospective observational study was done in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ain Shams University Hospital. A total of 159 premature infants were screened for ROP based on the most inclusive criteria reported to date.

Risk factors affecting cataract surgery outcome: The Malaysian cataract surgery registry.

This is a 5 years multicentre database study that recruited subjects from the Malaysian Ministry of Health Cataract Surgery Registry (MOH CSR), aimed to determine risk factors that affect cataract surgery visual outcome and evaluates post-cataract surgery vision. All age-related cataract surgeries with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included. Cases with secondary cataract, previous ocular surgeries and incomplete data were excluded.

Gene flow biases population genetic inference of recombination rate.

Accurate estimates of the rate of recombination are key to understanding a host of evolutionary processes as well as the evolution of the recombination rate itself. Model-based population genetic methods that infer recombination rates from patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the genome have become a popular method to estimate rates of recombination. However, these linkage disequilibrium-based methods make a variety of simplifying assumptions about the populations of interest that are often not met in natural populations.

A Machine Learning Approach for Movement Monitoring in Clustered Workplaces to Control COVID-19 Based on Geofencing and Fusion of Wi-Fi and Magnetic Field Metrics.

The ubiquitous existence of COVID-19 has required the management of congested areas such as workplaces. As a result, the use of a variety of inspiring tools to deal with the spread of COVID-19 has been required, including internet of things, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and geofencing technologies. In this work, an efficient approach based on the use of ML and geofencing technology is proposed to monitor and control the density of persons in workplaces during working hours.

Prediction of Oil Palm Yield Using Machine Learning in the Perspective of Fluctuating Weather and Soil Moisture Conditions: Evaluation of a Generic Workflow.

Current development in precision agriculture has underscored the role of machine learning in crop yield prediction. Machine learning algorithms are capable of learning linear and nonlinear patterns in complex agro-meteorological data. However, the application of machine learning methods for predictive analysis is lacking in the oil palm industry.

polymorphism and clinical factors that increase antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is a known adverse effect of antituberculosis drugs. The gene polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDIH). This study investigates the association of polymorphism and clinical risk factors that may contribute to the development of ATDIH.

Knowledge, attitude and perception of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services in northern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and perception of community pharmacists towards pharmacogenomics services.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in two cities in Northern Nigeria using a self-administered, validated and pre-tested questionnaire. The data were collected from December 2021 to February 2022 and were analysed using both descriptive and inferential analyses.

Nebulizer versus metered dose inhaler with space chamber (MDI spacer) for acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: attitudes of patients and healthcare providers in the COVID-19 era.

Objective: Short-acting bronchodilators for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are commonly delivered by nebulizers although administration using metered dose inhaler with space chamber (MDI spacer) has been shown to be equally efficacious. There are few studies examining patients' and healthcare providers' attitudes on the two administration methods in adults. This study explores patients' and healthcare providers' attitudes on the use of nebulizer versus MDI spacer for acute asthma and COPD exacerbations in adults.

Peels Extract as a New Natural Cosmetic Ingredient: Oil-in-Water (O/W) Topical Nano Cream Stability and Safety Evaluation.

peels (P) are among the agro-industrial biomasses contributing to a significant volume of waste in Malaysia. Thus, the P extract (PE) may prove useful for other applications, such as an ingredient in a nanocream for controlled delivery for dermal application. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an oil-in-water (O/W) nanocream using ingredients derived from the PE and test its stability alongside safety evaluation.