The prevalence and factors associated with mastitis in dairy cows kept by small-scale farmers in Dodoma, Tanzania.

Bovine mastitis is among the major diseases of economic importance in the dairy industry worldwide. Hygienic conditions during milking and housing are important determinants of mastitis infections. However, arid and semi-arid areas have a scarcity of water, which is an essential component of cleanliness.

Novel Dual Bicolumnar Fibula Graft Reconstruction of Distal Humerus in Pediatric Patients After Massive Bone Resection: A Report of Two Cases.

Case: We describe 2 case studies, involving a 10-year-old girl with an aneurysmal bone cyst and a 12-year-old adolescent boy with Ewing sarcoma. The patient with Ewing sarcoma was previously managed with wide surgical excision and fibular graft reconstruction and subsequently experienced significant graft resorption, hardware failure, and fracture 24 months after operation. A revision limb salvage attempt was undertaken.

Using Denosumab as a Nonsurgical Management of Aneurysmal Bone Cysts in the Pelvis.

Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are infrequent, benign, and locally destructive lesions that most commonly occur during the first two decades of life. They usually affect the metaphysis of the long bones, but the pelvis is involved in 8%-12% of the cases. The management of pelvic ABCs is a challenging issue due to difficulties in choosing the appropriate approach, adjacent neurovascular bundles, the risk of intraoperative bleeding with difficulty achieving good hemostasis, and the risk of injury to the hip or sacroiliac joints.

Incidental findings during donor liver assessment: Single center experience.

Intraoperative consultation of donor liver is an important part of transplant evaluation and determination of liver eligibility. In this study, we describe incidental pathologic findings discovered during the pretransplant evaluation of liver donors in our Institution from 1/2010 to 12/2022. During this 13-year period 369 intraoperative consultations from 262 liver donors were performed.

SCORE: a randomised controlled trial evaluating shared care (general practitioner and oncologist) follow-up compared to usual oncologist follow-up for survivors of colorectal cancer.

Background: SCORE is the first randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine shared oncologist and general practitioner (GP) follow-up for survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC). SCORE aimed to show that shared care (SC) was non-inferior to usual care (UC) on the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHQ-QoL) scale to 12 months.

Methods: The study recruited patients from five public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia between February 2017 and May 2021.

Social networking and fear of missing out (FOMO) among medical students at University of Khartoum, Sudan 2021.

Background: With students becoming more involved in the internet and social networking sites, they become more prone to their consequences. This study focuses on measuring the social networking intensity and the fear of missing out among the medical students of University of Khartoum, then examining the association between them.

Methods: Facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University between January and March 2021.

The Use of a Robotic Arm for Fixation of Pelvic Fractures.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate unplanned cortical or neuroforaminal violation of iliosacral and transsacral screw placement using fluoroscopy versus screw placement using a robotic arm.

Design: This is a prospective cohort study.

Setting: Single surgeon, single North American level 1 trauma center.

Sensory integration versus Masgutova neuro-sensorimotor reflex integration program on controlling primitive reflexes and gross motor abilities in children with diplegic cerebral palsy.

Background And Objective: An abnormality in muscular tone, lack of postural control, and a lack of coordination are all linked to the retention of primitive and immature postural reflexes. The Purpose of this study aimed of detecting which therapeutic approach is more effective in integrating retained primitive reflexes, either Masgutova neuro-sensorimotor reflex integration or Sensory integration (SI) program.

Methods: Forty children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) (11 girls and 29 boys), involved in the current study and their ages ranged from 3 to 6 years old.

Hormonal and inflammatory modulatory effects of hesperidin in hyperthyroidism-modeled rats.

The goal of the current study was to investigate the hormonal modulatory efficiency of hesperidin, through its regulatory potential of immunological, inflammatory, and/or antioxidant changes in on hyperthyroidism modeled adult female albino rats. Both normal and hyperthyroidism modeled rats (140-160g) were randomly divided into four groups (10 animals each) as follows: 1) healthy animals were daily ingested with saline for six weeks, and served as control group, 2) healthy animals were intraperitoneally injected with hesperidin (50 mg/kg/day) for a similar period, 3) hyperthyroidism-modeled animals without any treatment acted as positive control, and 4) hyperthyroidism-modeled animals were treated intraperitoneally with hesperidin for a similar period. The findings showed that hesperidin significantly modulated hyperthyroidism deteriorations, this was evidenced by a remarkable decline in serum T4, FT4, T3, FT3, TNF-α, IL1β-, IL4-, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, with a minor increase in TSH and significant raise in CD4+ level.

Frontal Lobe Hemorrhage With Surrounding Edema and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

We report the case of an 81-year-old woman who presented with a left hemineglect, a rightward gaze preference, and baseline disorientation. Her National Institutes of Health Stroke Score was 4. Her medical history was significant for dementia, osteoporosis, dyslipidemia, and a previous stroke.

Uretero-Sciatic Hernia (Lindbom Hernia): A Case Report and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Ureteric herniation through the posterior pelvic wall is one of the rarest variants of hernias and causes of ureteric obstruction. The clinical features span from asymptomatic to a presentation with severe flank pain and life-threatening infection secondary to ureteric obstruction. The diagnosis needs a high index of suspicion and timely, appropriate radiological investigation.

A novel homozygous mutation in TRAPPC9 gene causing autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability.

Background: The etiology of intellectual disabilities is diverse and includes both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic causes of intellectual disabilities range from chromosomal aberrations to single gene disorders. The TRAPPC9 gene has been reported to cause autosomal recessive forms of intellectual disabilities in 56 patients from consanguineous and non-consanguineous families around the world.

Malignant effusions secondary to metastatic thyroid carcinomas: A review of 15 cases.

Background: Malignant effusions secondary to thyroid carcinomas are rare, and publications on this topic are limited. This study presents a large cohort of thyroid carcinomas involving effusion cytology.

Methods: A 20-year computerized search for fluid cytology diagnosed with thyroid malignancy was performed.

Long-term follow up of patients with low-grade chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton treated by extended curettage and liquid nitrogen.

Background: Chondrosarcoma is the second most common sarcoma of bone, accounting for about 25% of primary bone tumors. Histological grading is the single most important determinant of local recurrence and metastases, where low-grade chondrosarcoma (grade 1: atypical cartilaginous lesion) is associated with 10 years survival rate 79-100%. There has been always a debate about the need for wide resection in managing low-grade chondrosarcoma, where several reports describe successful management with intra-lesional curettage and adjuvant therapy, minimizing the need for complex reconstructive procedures and improving the expected outcomes.

Intermittent fasting during adjuvant chemotherapy may promote differential stress resistance in breast cancer patients.

Background: Preclinical studies prove that short-term fasting secures healthy cells against chemotherapy side effects and makes malignant cells more vulnerable to them. This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) during adjuvant chemotherapy AC (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) protocol in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods: Forty-eight newly diagnosed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2 negative) BC patients were divided equally into two groups (24 each).

The Impact of Duty Hour Limits on Sleep Quality of Resident: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objectives: Resident physicians are particularly prone to sleep disturbance due to long shift hours and excessive workload. Despite the numerous measures undertaken to improve their wellbeing, it is still unknown if limiting the work shift duration would improve sleep quality. We sought to compare sleep quality, anxiety, and depression before and after implementing duty hour limits.

Case Report: A New Family With Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia 10 From Sudan.

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 10 (PCH10) is a very rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, severe developmental delay, pyramidal signs, mild cerebellar atrophy, and white matter changes in the brain, as shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The disease has been described in only twenty-one patients from ten Turkish families with a founder missense pathogenic variant in the gene involved in tRNA processing and maturation. We analyzed three siblings from a consanguineous Sudanese family who presented with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, developmental delay, regression of milestones, microcephaly, epilepsy, extrapyramidal signs, mild pontine, and cerebellar atrophy.

Treatment Failure of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis With Rivaroxaban: A Case Report and Narrative Review.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are approved for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE), with multiple advantages they offer over the older available anticoagulant drugs. Cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon type of stroke that is usually associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), for which early anticoagulation is still recommended to prevent thrombus expansion, to facilitate recanalization, and to prevent the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DOACs' use for the treatment of CVT is an area of clinical equipoise, and hence it is still not recommended especially in the acute phase.

Two Decades of Experience With Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia and Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome in a Tertiary Referral Centre: A Parallel Longitudinal Comparative Study.

Background Chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) and median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) have similar clinical presentations with surgical intervention as the mainstay of treatment. However, surgical response varies and is unpredictable. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the technical and clinical success rates of selective revascularisation in older patients with CMI and younger patients with MALS undergoing arcuate ligament decompression with celiac sympathectomy.

A case of a large leiomyomatous uterus with multiple arteriovenous malformations and subsequent high cardiac output state with severe four chamber cardiac enlargement.

Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and potentially life-threatening. They can be congenital or acquired. Uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy are considered mainstays of management.