Chitosan-based hydrogels: A comprehensive review of transdermal drug delivery.

This article provides a comprehensive review of chitosan-based hydrogels for transdermal drug delivery. It covers various aspects including the chemical structure of chitosan and its derivatives, crosslinking agents, hydrogel morphology, and drug loading and release behaviors. The review draws on 16 studies sourced from Scopus, focusing on how the composition and structure of hydrogels influence drug release.

Prevalence and factors contributing to missed opportunities for vaccination in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Objectives: Vaccination is a critical public health intervention that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the proven benefits of vaccines, missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) remain a significant challenge in many low-income countries, including Somalia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the factors contributing to MOVs in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Repurposing FDA-Approved Drugs for Eumycetoma Treatment: Homology Modeling and Computational Screening of CYP51 Inhibitors.

Eumycetoma, a chronic fungal infection caused by , is a neglected tropical disease characterized by tumor-like growths that can lead to permanent disability and deformities if untreated. Predominantly affecting regions in Africa, South America, and Asia, it imposes significant physical, social, and economic burdens. Current treatments, including antifungal drugs like itraconazole, often show variable efficacy, with severe cases necessitating surgical intervention or amputation.

Histopathological effects of hypervitaminosis-D and the protective role of fetuin-A in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues in a murine model.

Hypervitaminosis D leads to toxic effects, including hypercalcemia, which can cause severe damage to various organs. Fetuin-A, a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory properties, may protect tissues from such damage. This study explores the role of Fetuin-A in mitigating hypervitaminosis D-induced damage in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues.

Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: As the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases, the incidence of non-healing wounds in diabetic patients is expected to rise significantly, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), around 537 million adults currently suffer from diabetes mellitus worldwide and 20% to 30% of individuals with diabetes are hospitalized due to diabetic foot ulcers. Conventional treatments such as traditional dressings often fall short in ensuring satisfactory wound healing, this Meta-analysis investigates the therapeutic potential of Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) as a promising strategy for addressing this challenge.

Aims: To Assess the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers compared to conventional lines of treatments.

A Century-Old Threat: Disseminated Tuberculosis in a Healthy Host - Case Report.

Disseminated tuberculosis (dTB) is usually rare in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case of dTB presented with constitutional symptoms and extensive lymphadenopathy with bilateral lung parenchymal airspace opacities. Histopathological and molecular methods confirmed the etiological agent - Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Acute kidney injury and its associated factors among patients with acute decompensated heart failure admitted to the university of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Heart failure often leads to hospitalization and can directly impact other organs, such as the kidneys. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse outcomes. However, there are limited data on the magnitude of AKI among hospitalized ADHF patients in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia.

ANN-based chaotic PRNG in the novel jerk chaotic system and its application for the image encryption via 2-D Hilbert curve.

In this paper, we introduce a category of Novel Jerk Chaotic (NJC) oscillators featuring symmetrical attractors. The proposed jerk chaotic system has three equilibrium points. We show that these equilibrium points are saddle-foci points and unstable.

Challenges in oral health practice in Somalia: a call for regulatory strengthening and inclusion into primary healthcare services.

Background: Oral diseases remain a significant public health problem worldwide despite being largely preventable. Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancers are highly prevalent chronic conditions that negatively impact quality of life. The oral health practice in Somalia has been evolving over the years, we therefore explored the challenges of oral health practice in a security-constrained poorly regulated environment to guide policy development.

Improved facial emotion recognition model based on a novel deep convolutional structure.

Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) is a very challenging task due to the varying nature of facial expressions, occlusions, illumination, pose variations, cultural and gender differences, and many other aspects that cause a drastic degradation in quality of facial images. In this paper, an anti-aliased deep convolution network (AA-DCN) model has been developed and proposed to explore how anti-aliasing can increase and improve recognition fidelity of facial emotions. The AA-DCN model detects eight distinct emotions from image data.

Effect of an escape room as a gamification evaluation tool on clinical reasoning and teamwork skills among nursing students: A quasi-experimental study.

Aim: This study investigates the impact of using escape rooms as a gamification evaluation tool on nursing students' clinical reasoning and teamwork skills.

Background: Escape rooms, originating in Japan in 2007, are team-based live-action games requiring participants to solve puzzles within a time limit. They develop essential skills such as teamwork, leadership, logic, creativity, critical thinking, communication and problem-solving.

Green HPLC method for determination of paracetamol and ibuprofen in human plasma: applications to pharmacokinetics.

Using a straightforward, sensitive and precise liquid chromatographic approach, it is now possible to concurrently measure the amounts of ibuprofen (IBU) and paracetamol (PAR) in human plasma. A µ BondapakTM C18 column (300 mm × 3.9 mm, 15-20 μm) demonstrated acceptable separation when utilizing a mobile phase of 10 mM disodium hydrogen orthophosphate solution and acetonitrile at an 80:20, v/v ratio.

Proximal femoral nailing for unstable trochanteric fractures: lateral decubitus position or traction table? A case-control study of 96 patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures with short proximal femoral nailing in elderly patients in the lateral decubitus position versus the supine position on traction tables.

Methods: From June 2020 to January 2022, a prospective case-control study was performed on 96 patients who presented with unstable trochanteric fractures treated by internal fixation via short proximal femoral nail (PFN). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A, which included patients who underwent surgery in the lateral position; and Group B, which included those in the supine position.

Computational investigations of flavonoids as ALDH isoform inhibitors for treatment of cancer.

Human aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a group of 19 isoforms often overexpressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs). These enzymes play critical roles in CSC protection, maintenance, cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. Thus, targeting ALDH isoforms offers potential for innovative cancer treatments.

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Assessment of Potential Risk Factors Among a Sample of Medical Students in Giza, Egypt.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is one of the most prevalent conditions among global medical students, affecting their daily lifestyle. In this study, we seek to determine the prevalence of MSP and its associated risk factors in a sample of medical students at Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2023 and February 2024, with a sample size of 1472 students who filled out a modified version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire.

The senomorphic impact of astaxanthin on irradiated rat spleen: STING, TLR4 and mTOR contributed pathway.

Objectives: Exposure of spleen tissues to ionizing radiation during radiotherapy can induce cellular stress and immune-dysfunction leading to cellular senescence.

Introduction: The process of a cancerous development is facilitated by the accumulation of senescent cells. This justifies the incorporation of anti-senescent medications during splenic irradiation (SI).

Precise grading of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with multi-scale pyramidal CNN.

The grading of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) continues to face challenges due to subjective interpretations, which affect the assessment of its severity. To address this challenge, we are developing an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) system aimed at objectively grading NMIBC. This system uses a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called the multi-scale pyramidal pretrained CNN to analyze both local and global pathology markers extracted from digital pathology images.

The effect of sequential embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in patients with recurrent implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the impact of sequential embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes among patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across various databases for eligible clinical trials from inception to January 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared sequential embryo transfer, comprising both cleavage-stage and blastocyst-stage embryos, with other transfer protocols in infertile women with repeated implantation failure.

Unveiling the Anticancer Potential: Computational Exploration of Nitrogenated Derivatives of (+)-Pancratistatin as Topoisomerase I Inhibitors.

Cancer poses a substantial global health challenge, driving the need for innovative therapeutic solutions that offer improved effectiveness and fewer side effects. Topoisomerase I (Topo I) has emerged as a validated molecular target in the pursuit of developing anticancer drugs due to its critical role in DNA replication and transcription. (+)-Pancratistatin (PST), a naturally occurring compound found in various plants, exhibits promising anticancer properties by inhibiting Topo I activity.

Pattern of intestinal parasitic infections in children with malnutrition in Somalia.

Objectives: Children living in conflict zones plagued with adverse climatic conditions often suffer from acute malnutrition. Being coinfected with intestinal parasites could worsen the prognosis if adequate interventions are not promptly instituted. We determined the pattern of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in children with acute malnutrition in the Bay and Banadir regions of Somalia.