The Role of MicroRNAs in Neurodegeneration: Insights from Huntington's Disease.

MicroRNA (miRNAs) is a single non-coding strand with a small sequence of approximately 21-25 nucleotides, which could be a biomarker or act as a therapeutic agent for disease. This review explores the dynamic role of miRNAs in Huntington's disease (HD), encompassing their regulatory function, potential as diagnostic biomarker tools, and emerging therapeutic applications. We delved into the dysregulation of specific miRNAs in HD, for instance, downregulated levels of miR-9 and miR-124 and increased levels of miR-155 and miR-196a.

miRNAs and their multifaceted role in cutaneous wound healing.

The dynamic, complex process of cutaneous wound healing is required to restore skin integrity following an injury. This intricate process consists of four sequential and overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Hemostasis immediately begins to function in response to vascular injury, forming a clot that stops the bleeding.

From fatty liver to fibrosis: the impact of miRNAs on NAFLD and NASH.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease with various levels varying from fatty liver steatosis to acute steatosis which is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can develop into hepatic failure, as well as in some conditions it can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the NAFLD and NASH context, aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression has a thorough contribution to the incidence and development of these liver disorders by influencing key biological actions, involving lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Dysregulated miRNAs can disrupt the balance between lipid accumulation and clearance, exacerbate inflammatory responses, and promote fibrogenesis, thus advancing the severeness of the disorder from simple steatosis to more complex NASH.

Removal of As(V) and Cr(VI) using quinoxaline chitosan schiff base: synthesis, characterization and adsorption mechanism.

Elevated Arsenic and Chromium levels in surface and ground waters are a significant health concern in several parts of the world. Chitosan quinoxaline Schiff base (CsQ) and cross-linked chitosan quinoxaline Schiff base (CsQG) were prepared to adsorb both Arsenate [As(V)] and Chromium [Cr(VI)] ions. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the prepared Schiff bases (CsQ) and (CsQG).

One pot synthesis of new cross-linked chitosan-Schiff' base: Characterization, and anti-proliferative activities.

Four novel chitosan hydrogels were successfully synthesized through the cross-linking reaction of chitosan with different concentrations of ethyl 5-(3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylate. Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), C Cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP/MAS C NMR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cytotoxicity on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cell line and a normal African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell line were studied using the MTT assay.

In vitro biological activities and in vivo hepatoprotective role of brown algae-isolated fucoidans.

Brown seaweeds are rich in polysaccharides, such as fucoidan (FUC) which has shown beneficial effects in several medical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties of Colpomenia sinuosa- and Sargassum prismaticum-isolated FUC in vitro and in vivo. The hot acid extraction method was used to isolate FUC from C.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-pyrazoloquinoxaline Schiff bases for Cr (VI) removal from wastewater.

Two novel chitosan Schiff bases namely chitosan pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline Schiff base (Ch-PQ) and chitosan phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoxaline Schiff base (Ch-PQ) were synthesized as a modification of chitosan in order to increase its ability in heavy metal removal from wastewater. Their structures were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA analysis and X-ray diffraction. They were tested for the removal of hexavalent chromium from synthetic samples.

Cytotoxicity influence of new chitosan composite on HEPG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 carcinoma cells.

Chitosan/aroylhydrazine composite were synthesized in hydrogel form in which aroylhyrazines, heteroaroylhydrazines as well as p-tolylsulphonylhydrazine embedded in the cross linked Chitosan/oxalic acid network. Their structures were characterized by (elemental analysis, FT-IR, H NMR, and XRD). Antimicrobial behavior and Cytotoxicity screening of the examined compounds against breast, colon and hepatocellular cancer were investigated.

Synthesis and Characterization of Glutamic-Chitosan Hydrogel for Copper and Nickel Removal from Wastewater.

Chitosan was reacted with four concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mmol) of glutamic acid resulting in four types of glutamic-chitosan hydrogels (GCs), the activity of the resulted compounds on the removal of copper(II) and nickel(II) from wastewater were tested. The results indicated that by increasing glutamic acid concentration from GCs-1 to GCs-4, the efficiency of removing Cu(II) and Ni(II) were decreased, which may be due to a decrease in the pore size of the hydrogels as a result of the increased degree of crosslinking.

Biological Effect of Di (p-methylbenzoyl) Diselenide (In-vitro) and Its Acute Hepatotoxicity on Rats (In-vivo).

Selenium plays an important role in biological system due to its incorporation in glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductase as prosthetic group, the pharmacological studies of synthetic organoseleno-compounds revealed these molecules to be used as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, neuroprotectors, antitumor, anti-infectious agents, cytokine inducers and immuno-modulators. The present study was undertaken to elucidate Synthesis and biological effect Di (p-methylbenzoyl) diselenide (DMBDS) in-vitro. Di (p-methylbenzoyl) diselenide DMBDS was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by different spectroscopy techniques.

Antioxidant and antitumor activities of new synthesized aromatic C-nucleoside derivatives.

The carbohydrazide 1 was used as the precursor for the synthesis of a number of new aromatic C-nucleosides containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole 7, [1,3,4]oxadiazolo[2,3-a]isoindole 10b and pyrazole units 18. On the other hand, the thiosemicarbazone 20 was used as the key intermediate for synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole  and 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives 21 and 23. The antioxidant activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated.

Synthesis and bioassay of a new class of furanyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.

Tyrosinase enzyme is a monophenol monoxygenase enzyme, which plays an important role in human as a rate limiting step enzyme for different specific metabolic pathways, as well as its useful application in industry and agriculture. So this study was carried out to test the effect of newly prepared compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with different substituted groups on tyrosinase enzyme activity, hoping to use them in the treatment of some diseases arising from tyrosinase activity disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, and cancer.

Synthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,3,4-oxathiadiazole derivatives from carbohydrate precursors and study of their effect on tyrosinase enzyme.

5-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroxybutyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carbohydrazide (2) was condensed with a variety of ketones to afford carbohydrazide derivatives 3-6. Acetylation of 3-5 afforded the acetyl derivatives 7-9, while periodate oxidation of 3-6 afforded the formyl derivatives 10-13. Acid catalyzed condensation of thiosemicarbazide or o-tolylthiosemicarbazide with the prepared aldehydes 10-12 gave thiosemicarbazone derivatives 14-19.

5-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carbonyl)furan-3-carboxylate and new cyclic C-glycoside analogues from carbohydrate precursors with MAO-B, antimicrobial and antifungal activities.

Cyclization of acyclic C-glycoside derivatives 1a,b to 2a,b as the major isomers, and 4a,b as the minor isomers were carried out. The isopropylidene derivatives 3a,b were prepared, as well as the hydrazide derivative 6, which was condensed with a variety of aldehydes to give hydrazones 7a-e which were also prepared from the compounds 12a-e. Acetylation of 7a,d gave the corresponding acetyl derivatives 8a,d, respectively.