Structural investigation of human cystine/glutamate antiporter system x (Sx ) using homology modeling and molecular dynamics.

The cystine/glutamate antiporter system x (Sx ) belongs to the SLC7 family of plasma membrane transporters. It exports intracellular glutamate along the latter's concentration gradient as a driving force for cellular uptake of cystine. Once imported, cystine is mainly used for the production of glutathione, a tripeptide thiol crucial in maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of cells against oxidative stress.

[Multinodular diving goiters: 100 cases in Morocco].

Objective: To assess 100 cases of multinodular diving goiters, the authors review the literature to compare the epidemiology, clinical pictures, additional required work-up, treatments, complications, and sequelae.

Method: Records of 100 cases of multinodular diving goiters were collected in the surgical department of the Military Hospital of Marrakesh in Morocco from 1991 through 2004. They accounted for 6% of all goiters.