Unmasking the Hypoxia Landscape in Cervical Cancer: S100A2 and Its Implication for Immunotherapy Resistance.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and typically diagnosed between the ages of 35 and 44. Despite the death rate declining 1% each year since the 2000s, the 5-year survival of late stage remains lower than 20%. This emphasizes the urgency to keep exploring cervical cancer cell survival factors and identifying new prognostic markers.

Can fluorescence-guided surgery improve optimal surgical treatment for ovarian cancer? A systematic scoping review of clinical studies.

Background: The predicament of achieving optimal surgical intervention faced by surgeons in treating ovarian cancer has driven research into improving intra-operative detection of cancer using fluorescent materials.

Objective: To provide a literature overview on the clinical use of intra-operative fluorescence-guided surgery for ovarian cancer, either for cytoreductive surgery or sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.

Methods: The systematic review included studies from June 2002 until October 2021 from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as well as those from a search of related literature.

Seromucinous and Mucinous Borderline Ovarian Tumors: We Need to Know More.

Borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by low malignant potential and atypical proliferation, consisting of 15-20% of all primary ovarian neoplasm. Among BOTs, a subset has a high tendency of relapse probably due to inaccurate subtype stratification and unoptimized care. In this issue of Reproductive Sciences, Wu et al.

Preoperative detection of occult endometrial malignancies in endometrial hyperplasia to improve primary surgical therapy: A scoping review of the literature.

The risk of undertreating occult endometrial cancer is a problem faced by gynecologists when treating endometrial hyperplasia. The objective of this study is to highlight diagnostic adjuncts to endometrial sampling techniques to improve preoperative detection of co-existing cancer. A systematic search of databases till July 2021: PubMed, ISI-Clarivate Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL.

The Feasibility of Large Conization as a Fertility-Sparing Treatment in Young Women with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer.

Among the cancers affecting women of all age groups, cervical cancer (CCa) is fourth most prevalent globally. Improved screening programs have aided the early detection of cervical cancer in young women seeking fertility. In this issue of Reproductive Sciences, Tsaousidis et al.

Bone Health Assessed by Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound among Cohort of Pregnant Egyptian Women.

Aim: The aim was to assess the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis and to identify possible risk factors affecting bone density (BD) during pregnancy as parity, body mass index (BMI), Vitamin D, and calcium supplementation using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus among first- and third-trimester pregnant women.

Methods: It is a case-control study conducted at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital, Egypt, from May 7 to December 14, 2015. One hundred and thirty-two women in the third trimester and 33 matched controls in the first trimester were screened for BD at the calcaneus by QUS.

Prediction of Neoplastic Transformation of Hydatidiform Mole: Current Evidence.

Gestational trophoblastic disease is not an uncommonly encountered pathology in clinical practice. The rate of post-molar neoplastic transformation is around 5-20% with higher rates after complete versus partial molar pregnancies. Recently, a role for molecular and genetic markers in the prediction of neoplastic transformation has emerged.

Correlation between pre-operative diagnosis and final pathological diagnosis of endometrial malignancies; impact on primary surgical treatment.

Objectives: to compare the accuracy of preoperative and postoperative endometrial sampling obtained by dilatation and curettage (D&C), Pipelle and hysteroscopy to diagnose endometrial malignancies and to evaluate the adequacy of surgical treatment for these patients.

Study Design: This retrospective record-based study was conducted at Gynecology Oncology Unit, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Records of patients with an initial preoperative or a final postoperative pathological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial malignancies were retrieved over a six year period from January 2013 until March 2019.

The Prediction of Recurrence in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift in Adjuvant Therapy?

Five to 10% of patients with stage IA, grade 1 or 2, endometrioid adenocarcinoma subsequently develop locoregional or distant recurrence. These patients have significantly reduced 5-year survival rates and salvage therapy success rates as low as 40%. The aim of this review is to highlight knowledge gaps that could further refine the risk categories of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and guide future randomized trials of adjuvant therapy for low-risk EC.

infection in primary fallopian tube and high-grade serous ovarian cancers: a pilot study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of (CT) infection with primary tubal and high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Egypt, from February 2008 to October 2017. Sixty-seven paraffin archival blocks specimens were retrieved from cases who underwent staging laparotomy due to high-grade serous ovarian cancer (30 cases), primary tubal serous cancer (25 cases), and control specimens of (12) tubal specimens from cases of benign gynecological conditions.

Combined measurement of fetal lung volume and pulmonary artery resistance index is more accurate for prediction of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm fetuses: a pilot study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate optimal cut-off values for mean fetal lung volume (FLV) and pulmonary artery resistance index (PA-RI) as non-invasive measures to predict neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm fetuses.

Methods: A prospective study conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Egypt from May 2015 to July 2017: 80 eligible women diagnosed with preterm labor were recruited at 32-36 weeks' gestation. Before delivery, three-dimensional ultrasound was used to estimate FLV using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL), while PA-RI was measured by Doppler ultrasonography.

Five-dimensional long bones biometry for estimation of femur length and fetal weight at term compared to two-dimensional ultrasound: a pilot study.

Background/objective: This study aimed to evaluate accuracy of five-dimensional long bones (5D LB) compared to two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) biometry to predict fetal weight among normal term women.

Methods: Fifty six normal term women were recruited at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital, Egypt from 14 May to 30 November 2015. Fetal weight was estimated by Hadlock's IV formula using 2DUS and 5D LB.

Endometrial Volume Measured by VOCAL Compared to Office Hysteroscopy for Diagnosis of Endometrial Polyps in Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

The aim is to compare hysteroscopy, two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (2D TVUS), and three-dimensional (3D) Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis™ (VOCAL) to detect endometrial polyps (EPs) in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). This prospective study was done at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital, Egypt, from March 5, 2015, to December 30, 2015, enrolling 118 premenopausal women with AUB. 2D TVUS, 3D VOCAL, and hysteroscopy were done.

Endometrial Injury May Increase the Pregnancy Rate in Patients Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: An Interventional Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of endometrial injury using Pipelle catheter in the follicular phase (cycle day 5, 6, or 7) of the stimulation cycle on pregnancy rates in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from July 1, 2013 to August 31, 2015. Three hundred sixty women, 20 to 35 years of age, with patent fallopian tubes, mild male factor infertility, or unexplained infertility were recruited.

Prediction of Fetal Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Pregnancies Compared with Postnatal Outcome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of prenatal assessment of interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, right myocardial wall thickness (RMWT), and left myocardial wall thickness (LMWT) by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound for the prediction of perinatal mortality and postnatal diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) among diabetic pregnant women.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 120 diabetic pregnant women at 35 weeks or more were enrolled in this study from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2014, at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The 2D ultrasound was done once for all the participants at the time of recruitment; IVS thickness, RMWT, and LMWT were measured.

Bcl-2 may play a role in the progression of endometrial hyperplasia and early carcinogenesis, but not linked to further tumorigenesis.

The role of Bcl-2 in initiation and progression of endometrial carcinoma is still with inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to determine the role of Bcl-2 in endometrial tumorigenesis. It is a retrospective cross sectional study.

Prediction of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in term pregnancies by assessment of fetal lung volume and pulmonary artery resistance index.

Objective: To develop reference cutoff values for mean fetal lung volume (FLV) and pulmonary artery resistance index (PA-RI) for prediction of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in low-risk term pregnancies.

Methods: As part of a cross-sectional study, women aged 20-35 years were enrolled and admitted to a tertiary hospital in Cairo, Egypt, for elective repeat cesarean at 37-40 weeks of pregnancy between January 1, 2012, and July 31, 2013. FLV was calculated by virtual organ computer-aided analysis, and PA-RI was measured by Doppler ultrasonography before delivery.

Placenta accreta is associated with decreased decidual natural killer (dNK) cells population: a comparative pilot study.

Objective: Placenta accreta is a general term describes abnormal adherent placenta to the uterine wall. When the chorionic villi invade the myometrium, the term placenta increta is appropriate. Nowadays, it is one of the increasing causes of materno-fetal morbidities and mortality.

Endometrial histopathology, ovarian changes and bleeding patterns among users of long-acting progestin-only contraceptives in Egypt.

Objective: To evaluate endometrial and ovarian effects, and bleeding patterns, among users of Depo-Provera(®), Norplant(®), and Implanon(®).

Study Design: One-hundred and fifty women, who had been using one of these long-acting progestin-only contraceptives (LAPCs) for at least the previous six months, with fifty in each of the groups, were assessed.

Results: All results are mentioned in the following sequence: (1) Depo-Provera(®), (2) Norplant(®), and (3) Implanon(®).

Molecular basis of thalassemia in Qatar.

There is a paucity of information on the molecular basis of beta-thalassemia (thal) in Qatar, a country in the southern part of the Arabian Gulf. To decipher the molecular spectrum of beta- thalassemic alleles present in Qatar, we studied 31 clinically recognized patients, including three with sickle cell disease and beta-thal, and an additional six cases referred for unexplained microcytic anemia. We found 12 different beta-thalassemic alleles and two yet to be defined alleles, mutations likely occurring elsewhere than in the beta-globin gene per se.

Immunophenotyping of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells in ovarian carcinoma.

Infiltrating mononuclear cells play an important role in many types of cancer. The aim of this work was to determine the immunologic characteristics of mononuclear cellular infiltrate in ovarian cancer as compared to benign ovarian tumors. Paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 52 ovarian carcinomas and 21 benign ovarian neoplasms were examined immunohistochemically to demonstrate suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and macrophages by using CD8 and CD68 monoclonal antibodies, respectively.