Recurrent postmenopausal bleeding: a survey of practice among gynecologists in Scotland.

Background: The definition and management of recurrent postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) are not well described in the literature, with no consensus among the clinicians and no available contemporary UK evidence-based guidelines. We conducted this survey to examine the practice of gynecologists based in Scotland in relation to recurrent postmenopausal bleeding.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was sent to 200 non-training grade gynecologists in Scotland exploring their views on the definition, investigation and management of recurrent PMB.

Emergency surgical obstetrics simulation training: an ex vivo low-cost model using bovine uterus and porcine bladder for haemostatic uterine brace suture techniques.

Postpartum haemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. While conventional obstetrics training curricula describe at length the management of postpartum haemorrhage, obstetrics trainees rarely have exposure to surgical management of postpartum haemorrhage in emergency situations due to reduced hours of training. Procedures such as the transverse or longitudinal haemostatic uterine brace sutures are recognised to be safe, simple and allow for the preservation of the uterus.

The use of the V-Care laparoscopic uterine manipulator to facilitate total abdominal hysterectomy: a novel approach and case-series.

Hysterectomy remains mostly performed via the abdominal route in the United Kingdom, despite advances in minimal access techniques and increased training in laparoscopic hysterectomy. The use of uterine manipulators remains a key component of the laparoscopic approach. During abdominal surgery, access to the pelvis can be challenging on occasion, and there may be a higher incidence of intraoperative complications.

Controversies in the management of endometrial carcinoma: an update.

Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest type of female genital tract malignancy in the developed countries. Endometrial carcinoma is usually confined to the uterus at the time of diagnosis and as such usually carries an excellent prognosis with high curability. Our understanding and management of endometrial cancer have continuously developed.

Estrogen and progesterone receptor isoform distribution through the menstrual cycle in uteri with and without adenomyosis.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the expression of the different isoforms of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and beta (ER-β) and the progesterone receptor A (PR-A) and B (PR-B) would be differentially modulated in uteri with adenomyosis compared with controls and that modulation would be related to the menstrual cycle.

Design: Case control, blinded comparison.

Setting: University department.

Phenotypic characterisation of the inner and outer myometrium in normal and adenomyotic uteri.

Background And Aim: To study the characteristics of the inner (IM) and outer (OM) myometrium in the presence and absence of uterine adenomyosis.

Methods: Case control blinded comparison carried out in a university department. Morphometric features of the myometrium were studied in uteri from pre- and postmenopausal women with and without uterine adenomyosis as the sole pathology.

Enhanced invasion of stromal cells from adenomyosis in a three-dimensional coculture model is augmented by the presence of myocytes from affected uteri.

Objective: To compare endometrial stromal cell invasion from women with and without adenomyosis and the effect of myometrial cells using a three-dimensional coculture.

Design: Case-controlled blinded comparison.

Setting: University department.

Neonatal administration of tamoxifen causes disruption of myometrial development but not adenomyosis in the C57/BL6J mouse.

We previously demonstrated that in the CD-1 mouse, which exhibits a high incidence of age-related adenomyosis, neonatal exposure to tamoxifen induced premature uterine adenomyosis and was associated with abnormal development particularly of the inner myometrium. In the present study, we examined the effect of neonatal tamoxifen administration upon uterine development in the C57/BL6J mouse strain that is not known to develop uterine adenomyosis. Female C57/BL6J pups (n=20) were treated with oral tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) from age 1 to 5 days.

The effects of tamoxifen and estradiol on myometrial differentiation and organization during early uterine development in the CD1 mouse.

We used a neonatal mouse model to examine the histogenesis of uterine adenomyosis, and to test whether adenomyosis is due to an abnormality in myometrial differentiation, or in extracellular matrix proteins expression. We also studied the effects of tamoxifen and estradiol on uterine development, myometrial differentiation, and organization. Female CD1 pups were treated with oral tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) (n=27) or estradiol (0.

Uterine adenomyosis is associated with ultrastructural features of altered contractility in the inner myometrium.

Objective: To study the ultrastructure of the inner and outer myometrium, in the presence and absence of uterine adenomyosis.

Design: Case control blinded comparison.

Setting: University departments.