Dystopic Os Odontoideum With Chronic Posterior Atlantoaxial Subluxation: A Case Report.

Os odontoideum is considered a rare cervical spine anomaly. Depending on its type, it may or may not result in atlantoaxial instability, which can lead to anterior subluxation (the most common type) or posterior subluxation, with the latter being extremely rare. Posterior atlantoaxial subluxation is particularly dangerous, as it can progressively lead to myelopathy through various mechanisms and may ultimately result in quadriplegia or even death.

Applications of Telemedicine in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Benefits Gained and Challenges Faced.

Information and communication technology has left a print on all fields of life, including medicine and the health care system. Telemedicine is the perfect way to ensure adequate healthcare delivery to all people at any time, particularly during pandemics, regardless of any geographic or economic considerations. This article investigates the different types, categories, and benefits in addition to the barriers to telemedicine implementation, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.