Does the Use of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring during Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Reduce the Incidence of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can be a devastating complication of thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been proposed as a method to reduce the number of RLN injuries but the data are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to critically assess the data.

Effect of Diet Supplemented with Different Levels of Moringa Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, Hematological Parameters, Serum Lipids, and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing broiler chickens' diet with graded levels of moringa powder on growth performance. A total of 192 one-day-old broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly distributed into four dietary treatments. Each treatment comprised four replicates with 12 chicks in each.

Subacute thyroiditis following Mpox infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus.

Summary: Mpox (MPX) formerly known as monkeypox was declared a public health emergency of international concern, following an outbreak that commenced in May 2022. We report a case of subacute thyroiditis following MPX infection. To our knowledge, it is the first documented incidence of this complication in humans.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical students towards COVID19 in Sudan: A cross sectional study among 19 universities.

Background: Since December 2019, an outbreak of severe respiratory infection (COVID-19) emerged in the city of Wuhan in China. The knowledge, awareness and practice of medical students toward COVID-19 pandemic is of most importance as it demonstrates their preparedness to deal with this pandemic. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of medical students in Sudan universities about COVID 19.

Intravascular Myopericytoma: A Case Report.

Myopericytoma is a rare tumor that arises from perivascular myoid cells. Intravascular myopericytoma is an exceptionally rare subtype with a small number of cases reported. Here, we describe the case of a 31-year-old woman who presented with a lump on the dorsum of the right foot for nine months.

An operational guide to resin 3D printing of geological macromodels.

Stereolithography (SLA) is a form of 3D printing that is based on the curing of resin under UV light. There are a wide variety of 3D resin printers on the market that all follow the same general procedure. First, a slicing program is used to slice the model in a sequence of thin layers.

Community-level impacts of sanitation coverage on maternal and neonatal health: a retrospective cohort of survey data.

Introduction: Access to sanitation facilities (toilets or latrines) greatly improves human health. Low community sanitation coverage may lead to increased exposure to pathogens for households both with and without a sanitation facility.

Methods: We created a retrospective cohort using Demographic and Health Surveys from 1990 through 2018.

"We are taking every precaution to do our part…": a comparative analysis of nursing, palliative and hospice care facilities' websites during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on health care processes. Precautions such as restrictions imposed on visitors and social distancing have led to multiple challenges, particularly in terms of communication. Using the case of nursing, palliative and hospice care facilities in Germany and drawing on agenda-setting theory, the present study aims to shed light on how health care facilities use their websites to inform (potential) health care users about changes in regulations, new protective measures implemented and about recommendations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Oxamniquine resistance alleles are widespread in Old World Schistosoma mansoni and predate drug deployment.

Do mutations required for adaptation occur de novo, or are they segregating within populations as standing genetic variation? This question is key to understanding adaptive change in nature, and has important practical consequences for the evolution of drug resistance. We provide evidence that alleles conferring resistance to oxamniquine (OXA), an antischistosomal drug, are widespread in natural parasite populations under minimal drug pressure and predate OXA deployment. OXA has been used since the 1970s to treat Schistosoma mansoni infections in the New World where S.

Sleep deprivation alters neutrophil functions and levels of Th1-related chemokines and CD4 T cells in the blood.

Purpose: The state of knowledge about the effect of sleep deprivation on the immune system is scarce and conflicting. It would therefore be useful to investigate the consequences of sleep deprivation on the immune system. We have studied the effect of sleep deprivation on the changes in neutrophil functions, and the ex vivo proliferative pattern of CD4 T lymphocytes in relationship with blood cytokine and chemokine levels due to the crucial role of these cells in mounting potent immune responses.

Host-parasite life-histories of the diurnal vs. nocturnal chronotypes of Schistosoma mansoni: adaptive significance.

Objectives: To optimise host-to-host transmission, digenean trematodes (parasites) synchronise their cercarial emission patterns with the aquatic activities of their vertebrate hosts. Schistosoma mansoni has two different circadian chronotypes: a diurnal shedding pattern with a mean peak occurring at 11:00 h, and a nocturnal shedding pattern with a mean peak occurring at 20:00 h. We analysed the life-history variations between these two chronotypes at the levels of the parasite and its hosts.

Altered blood cytokines, CD4 T cells, NK and neutrophils in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: There are contradictory reports on the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the immune system. In order to clarify the effect of OSA on the different components of the immune system, we studied the association of OSA with changes in cytokine and chemokine levels, proliferative patterns of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as NK cells ex vivo and neutrophil functions.

Methods: We investigated the association of OSA with potential alterations in 14 Th1/Th2 and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, CD4 and CD8 T cells, NK cells, and the NADPH oxidase activation and phagocytic functions in neutrophils.

Gum Arabic Reduces C-Reactive Protein in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients without Affecting Urea or Indoxyl Sulfate Levels.

Introduction: Gum Arabic (GA) is a complex polysaccharide with proven prebiotic properties and potentially beneficial systemic effects.

Methods: We randomly allocated 36 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to receive 10, 20, or 40 grams daily of GA for four weeks and studied the systemic effects of this intervention.

Results: Thirty participants completed the study with baseline glomerular filtration rate 29.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias: identification of a novel SPG57 variant affecting TFG oligomerization and description of HSP subtypes in Sudan.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are the second most common type of motor neuron disease recognized worldwide. We investigated a total of 25 consanguineous families from Sudan. We used next-generation sequencing to screen 74 HSP-related genes in 23 families.

Increased CD86 but Not CD80 and PD-L1 Expression on Liver CD68+ Cells during Chronic HBV Infection.

Background: The failure to establish potent anti-HBV T cell responses suggests the absence of an effective innate immune activation. Kupffer cells and liver-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages have an essential role in establishing anti-HBV responses. These cells express the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86.

A Potential Inhibitory Profile of Liver CD68+ Cells during HCV Infection as Observed by an Increased CD80 and PD-L1 but Not CD86 Expression.

Aim: The lack of potent innate immune responses during HCV infection might lead to a delay in initiating adaptive immune responses. Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (CD68+ cells) are essential to establish effective anti-HCV responses. They express co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86.

In Vitro Apoptosis Triggering in the BT-474 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line by Lyophilised Camel's Milk.

Breast cancer is a global health concern and is a major cause of death among women. In Oman, it is the most common cancer in women, with an incidence rate of 15.6 per 100,000 Omani females.

Plasmodium falciparum population structure in Sudan post artemisinin-based combination therapy.

Over the past decade, Sudan has stepped up malaria control backed by WHO, and this has resulted in significant reduction in parasite rate, malaria morbidity and mortality. The present study analyzed Plasmodium falciparum parasites in four geographical separated areas, to examine whether the success in malaria control following the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has disrupted the population structure and evolution of the parasite. We examined 319 P.

Intraosseous injection as an adjunct to conventional local anesthetic techniques: A clinical study.

Background: The achievement of successful local anesthesia is a continual challenge in dentistry. Adjunctive local anesthetic techniques and their armamentaria, such as intraosseous injection (the Stabident system and the X-tip system) have been proposed to be advantageous in cases where the conventional local anesthetic techniques have failed.

Aim: A clinical study was undertaken using intraosseous injection system by name X-tip to evaluate its effectiveness in cases where inferior alveolar nerve block has failed to provide pulpal anesthesia.

The prospect of malaria elimination in the Arabian Peninsula: a population genetic approach.

Background: In the Arabian Peninsula malaria control is progressing steadily, backed by adequate logistic and political support. As a result, transmission has been interrupted throughout the region, with exception of limited sites in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Here we examined Plasmodium falciparum parasites in these sites to assess if the above success has limited diversity and gene flow.

Endodontic Retreatment of a Mandibular Second Molar with four Separate Roots: A Case Report.

Aberrations in the root canal anatomy are a commonly occurring phenomenon. Although the mandibular second molar is commonly a bi-rooted tooth with an uncomplicated endodontic anatomy, variations have to be considered every time endodontic therapy is performed. This case report describes the non-surgical endodontic retreatment performed on a mandibular second molar with four seperate roots and canals.

Liver stiffness measurement by fibroscan predicts the presence and size of esophageal varices in egyptian patients with HCV related liver cirrhosis.

Background And Aim: Liver stiffness measured by transient elastgraphy correlates with Hepatic vein pressure gradient, liver Stiffness value of 21 kpa predicts significant portal hypertension. Aim is to predict esophageal varices presence by fibroscan and possible grading by degree of liver stiffness in HCV related cirrhotic patients.

Material And Methods: Thirty two HCV related cirrhotic patients were recruited, age > 18 years, BMI< 35, no history of: upper GI bleeding, hepatocellular carcinoma, abdominal collaterals, ascites.

Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and distribution of drug resistance haplotypes in Yemen.

Background: Despite evident success of malaria control in many sites in the Arabian Peninsula, malaria remains endemic in a few spots, in Yemen and south-west of Saudi Arabia. In addition to local transmission, imported malaria sustains an extra source of parasites that can challenge the strengths of local control strategies. This study examined the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in Yemen and mutations of drug resistant genes, to elucidate parasite structure and distribution of drug resistance genotypes in the region.