A droplet-based microfluidic chip as a platform for leukemia cell lysate identification using surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

A new approach is presented for cell lysate identification which uses SERS-active silver nanoparticles and a droplet-based microfluidic chip. Eighty-nanoliter droplets are generated by injecting silver nanoparticles, KCl as aggregation agent, and cell lysate containing cell constituents, such as nucleic acids, carbohydrates, metabolites, and proteins into a continuous flow of mineral oil. This platform enables accurate mixing of small volumes inside the meandering channels of the quartz chip and allows acquisition of thousands of SERS spectra with 785 nm excitation at an integration time of 1 s.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification.

The throughput of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy for cell identification applications is limited to the range of one cell per second because of the relatively low sensitivity. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a widespread way to amplify the intensity of Raman signals by several orders of magnitude and, consequently, to improve the sensitivity and throughput. SERS protocols using immuno-functionalized nanoparticles turned out to be challenging for cell identification because they require complex preparation procedures.