High flow nasal oxygen therapy to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a retrospective study.

Background: The efficacy of high flow nasal canula oxygen therapy (HFNO) to prevent invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is not well established in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to compare the risk of IMV between two strategies of oxygenation (conventional oxygenation and HFNO) in critically ill COVID 19 patients.

Methods: This was a bicenter retrospective study which took place in two intensive care units (ICU) of tertiary hospitals in the Paris region from March 11, to May 3, 2020.

Long-term evolution of the natural isolate of Escherichia coli 536 in the mouse gut colonized after maternal transmission reveals convergence in the constitutive expression of the lactose operon.

In vitro experimental evolution has taught us many lessons on the molecular bases of adaptation. To move towards more natural settings, evolution in the mice gut has been successfully performed. Yet, these experiments suffered from the use of laboratory strains as well as the use of axenic or streptomycin-treated mice to maintain the inoculated strains.

Evolution of a Dominant Natural Isolate of Escherichia coli in the Human Gut over the Course of a Year Suggests a Neutral Evolution with Reduced Effective Population Size.

and evolution experiments on revealed several principles of bacterial adaptation. However, few data are available in the literature describing the behavior of in its natural environment. We attempted here to study the evolution in the human gut of a commensal dominant clone, ED1a belonging to the B2 phylogroup, through a longitudinal genomic study.

Using long-term experimental evolution to uncover the patterns and determinants of molecular evolution of an Escherichia coli natural isolate in the streptomycin-treated mouse gut.

Although microbial ecology of the gut is now a major focus of interest, little is known about the molecular determinants of microbial adaptation in the gut. Experimental evolution coupled with whole-genome sequencing can provide insights of the adaptive process. In vitro experiments have revealed some conserved patterns: intermediate convergence, and epistatic interactions between beneficial mutations and mutations in global regulators.

Esmolol Corrects Severe Hypoxemia in Patients with Femoro-Femoral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support for Lung Transplantation.

Competitive flows syndrome result in severe regional hypoxemia when the deoxygenated flow from the native left ventricle (LV) competes with oxygenated flow from extracorporeal life support (ECLS) pump with potentially severe consequences for the cerebral and coronary circulations. Fast correction of hypoxemia could be obtained by decreasing native LV flow by infusion of a short-acting beta-blocker (esmolol). Our purpose was to retrospectively review the efficacy of esmolol in this situation and hypothesize on the potential mechanisms of action and the associated risks.

Assessment of pain during labor with pupillometry: a prospective observational study.

Background: Pain intensity is usually self-rated by patients with a numeric rating scale (NRS) but this scale cannot be used for noncommunicating patients. In anesthetized patients, experimental noxious stimulus increases pupillary diameter (PD) and pupillary light reflex amplitude (PLRA), the difference between PD before and after light stimulation. Labor pain is an intense acute nonexperimental stimulus, effectively relieved by epidural analgesia.