Insulin Degludec in Critically Ill Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Interventional Study.

Objective: Dysglycemia has deleterious outcomes on critically ill patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin degludec, an ultra-long-acting insulin, is associated with lower rates of hypoglycemia and blood glucose (BG) variability in non-critically ill patients. The experience with insulin degludec in the intensive care units is lacking.

Association of white matter hyperintensities with lipoprotein (a) levels: insights from a cohort study.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The aim of the study was to examine if elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with higher burden of WMH.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated associations between Lp(a) and the burden of WMH among patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks.

Antithrombotic therapy for secondary Stroke prevention in patients with symptomatic large artery atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation (FIB-CAS study) A single-center experience.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and large artery atherosclerotic diseases are major causes of ischemic stroke and their coexistence increases the risk of stroke and mortality. Research on antithrombotic strategies for AF patients with symptomatic large artery atherosclerosis is limited. This study aims to report a single center's experience regarding the antithrombotic regimens prescribed for this population and the association with stroke recurrence and hemorrhagic events.

Standardized CT KUB Protocols for Nephrolithiasis: A Retrospective Analysis of Radiation Exposure and Cranial Extent Guidelines.

Background and aim Non-contrast computed tomography of kidneys, ureters, and bladder (CT KUB) is the gold standard radiological imaging for nephrolithiasis. It significantly contributes to the total radiation exposure of a population. This is well known to be linked to increased cancer risk over time and as such should be minimized in line with Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR{ME}R).

Trastuzumab Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Suggesting Repurposing Potential.

Background: Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options. Trastuzumab (Tz) is typically used to treat HER2-positive breast cancers, but its potential in TNBC is unclear.

Evaluation of diagnostic performances of Pro-neurotensin and Heart-type fatty acid binding protein as reliable biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: In 2019, cardiovascular diseases accounted for 32% of global deaths. So, early detection of cardiac disorders is crucial. The study aimed to examine the suitability of Pro-neurotensin and Heart-type fatty acid binding protein as dependable biomarkers for cardiac patients with Heart failure as a primary diagnosis.

Pleomorphic Giant Cell Carcinoma and Periurethral Abscess: A Case Report.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignancy in men in the UK. Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma (PGCC) is a rare, aggressive variant of prostate adenocarcinoma. PGCC is associated with a poor prognosis and high Gleason-grade characteristics, often occurring in patients with a history of PCa treatment.

Urolithin B as a renoprotective agent against 5-fluorouracil-induced nephrotoxicity: Role of Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1, SIRT1/FOXO3, and NF-кB/TNF-α signaling pathways.

The clinical use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer patients has been associated with nephrotoxicity, which is greatly curbing its therapeutic application. The pathogenesis of 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity is complex; however, oxidative stress-mediated inflammation is considered a central pathogenic factor. Urolithin B (UB), a product of ellagitannins, has recently been assigned diverse pharmacological activities due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

A small antimicrobial peptide derived from a Burkholderia bacterium exhibits a broad-spectrum and high inhibiting activities against crop diseases.

Crop diseases cause significant quality and yield losses to global crop products each year and are heavily controlled by chemicals along with very limited antibiotics composed of small molecules. However, these methods often result in environmental pollution and pest resistance, necessitating the development of new bio-controlling products to mitigate these hazards. To identify effective antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered as potential sources of future antibiotics, AMPs were screened from five bacterial strains showing antagonism against a representative phytopathogenic fungus (Rhizoctonia Solani) through the Bacillus subtilis expression system, which has been developed for identifying bacterial AMPs by displaying autolysis morphologies.

A study of the role of androgen receptor and androgen receptor variant 7 in TNBC patients and the effect of their targeting by Enzalutamide and EPI-001 in MDA-MB-231.

The lack of targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the mainsprings of its poor prognosis. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variant 7 (ARv7) in TNBC patients. Further, the molecular impact of their blockers, Enzalutamide and EPI-001, on the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was investigated.

Straight-to-Test Pathway in Faecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT)-Negative Patients: A Cost-Effective Approach.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common malignancy in the UK and represents a high-volume diagnostic and clinical burden on the National Health Service (NHS). To maximise the use of limited diagnostic resources and increase efficiency, the colorectal services at University Hospitals North Midlands Trust (UHNM) developed the triage-to-test (TTT) service with risk stratification for diagnostic testing in patients with suspected colorectal cancer using faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) result. Our retrospective cohort study looked at the pick-up rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) and non-colorectal cancer (non-CRC) in FIT-negative patients.

Paraherquamides - A new hope and great expectations of anthelmintic agents: Computational studies.

Nematode infections impose a significant health and economic burden, particularly as parasites develop resistance to existing treatments and evade host defenses. This study explores the efficacy of 48 paraherquamide analogs, a class of polycyclic spiro-oxindole alkaloids with unique structural features, as potential anthelmintic agents. Employing advanced computational methods, including molecular docking, MM-GBSA, and molecular dynamics simulations, we assessed the interaction of these analogs with the Ls-AchBP receptor, a model for nematode neurotransmission.

Efficacy and safety of topical spironolactone versus topical dapsone in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that greatly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Several treatment modalities are available for acne, with variable degrees of success. Our aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of topical spironolactone 5% gel and topical dapsone 5% gel as treatment modalities for acne vulgaris.

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 2 Levothyroxine Regimens During Ramadan Fasting in Thyroidectomized Patients.

Context: For Muslim patients on levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy, the best approach for L-T4 intake during Ramadan fasting remains unclear.

Objective: We compared 2 practical approaches for L-T4 intake during Ramadan.

Methods: We randomly assigned 69 patients (21 males, 48 females, median age 44 years) with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who underwent thyroidectomy in the past and are on stable LT4 doses to 2 arms.

Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) Value-Based Algorithm to Triage Symptomatic Colorectal Patients: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in diagnosing colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients and using it to prioritize patients for urgent colorectal investigations. Methods A retrospective review was done of all symptomatic, FIT-positive patients referred from primary care to the colorectal clinic as per the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) DG30 pathway from November 1, 2021, to February 11, 2022. Patients under 18 years of age were excluded.

The impact of achieving remission in inflammatory bowel disease on plasma matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein levels.

Matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid (MGLA) protein is a vitamin K dependent peptide which contributes to the immunomodulatory activity of mesenchymal stromal cells. There is a possible association between MGLA protein and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is divided into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, little is known about the clinical utility of MGLA protein in IBD patients.

Kinetics and adsorption isotherms studies for the effective removal of Evans blue dye from an aqueous solution utilizing forsterite nanoparticles.

In the present day, water treatment has emerged as a significant global concern, particularly due to the proliferation of pollution sources. The utilization of dyes, such as Evans blue, in several industries is among the most significant contributors to these pollutants. Forsterite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and calcined at different temperatures to determine the optimum temperature at which pure nanoforsterite was obtained.

Marginal bone loss and soft tissue health around two-implant mandibular overdenture retained with milled versus selective laser melted cobalt chromium bar: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: To assess marginal bone loss and soft tissue health around two-implant mandibular overdenture retained with milled versus selective laser-melted cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) bars.

Method: This research was set to be a parallel, triple-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Twenty completely edentulous patients received new conventional complete dentures according to conventional techniques.

IGF 1, BDNF, and NGF mediate the neuro-modulatory role of stem cells in acrylamide-induced hippocampal toxic changes in rats.

Background: Acrylamide (ACR), a common industrial chemical, is a strong neurotoxic material. The hippocampus is a brain area of interest mostly affected by Alzheimer's disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) usefulness in various neurological diseases including Alzheimer's is being debated.

Follow-Up Survey for Conservatively Managed Ureteric Stones.

Introduction Currently, there are no agreed-upon investigations and follow-up guidelines for the conservative management of ureteric stones. This study used common themes identified in previous works to investigate whether there is a consensus amongst urology consultants in the United Kingdom. Methods This was a questionnaire-based survey study.

Prenylated xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) target oxidative mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is well-known for its nutritional value and health benefits. Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among females worldwide. Here we show that the prenylated xanthones, α-mangostin, γ-mangostin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (9-HCX), and garcinone E from the mangosteen pericarp exhibit cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines including lung adenocarcinoma (A549), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), prostatic carcinoma (DU 145), pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2), bladder urothelial cancer (5637), as well as the triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231.

Stem cell therapy: a new hope for stroke and traumatic brain injury recovery and the challenge for rural minorities in South Carolina.

Stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a significant cause of death and disability nationwide. Both are considered public health concerns in rural communities in the state of South Carolina (SC), particularly affecting the African American population resulting in considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Stem cell therapy (SCT) has emerged as a potential intervention for both diseases with increasing research trials showing promising results.