Renoprotective effects of apocynin and/or umbelliferone against acrylamide-induced acute kidney injury in rats: role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

Acrylamide (ACR) is a toxic, probably carcinogenic compound commonly found in fried foods and used in the production of many industrial consumer products. ACR-induced acute kidney injury is mediated through several signals. In this research, we investigated, for the first time, the therapeutic effects of phytochemicals apocynin (APO) and/or umbelliferone (UMB) against ACR-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and emphasized the underlying molecular mechanism.

In Vivo Investigation of the Ameliorating Effect of Tempol against MIA-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats: Involvement of TGF-β1/SMAD3/NOX4 Cue.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease characterized by structural, functional, and metabolic deteriorations of the whole joint and periarticular tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of tempol on knee OA induced by the chemical chondrotoxic monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) which closely mimics both the pain and structural changes associated with human OA. Rats were administrated oral tempol (100 mg/kg) one week post-MIA injection (3 mg/50 μL saline) at the right knee joints for 21 consecutive days.

Cilostazol mitigates mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung lesion: Contribution of PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and STAT3 crosstalk.

Aims: Cilostazol (Cilo), a phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, has signified its efficacy against different ischemia/reperfusion (IS/RE) models. Nevertheless, it has not fully illuminated its potential effect against intestinal IS/RE-induced lung injury. Consequently, the study was fashioned to evaluate the feasible mechanism of action of Cilo against intestinal IS/RE-induced lung injury.

Dimethyl fumarate and curcumin attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via Nrf2/HO-1 activation and anti-inflammatory properties.

Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in different clinical settings as hepatic transplantation, and different types of shock. I/R injury is the main cause of hepatic damage and failure due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunomodulatory drug, activates cellularantioxidantsignaling pathways exerting cytoprotective properties.

Exosomal miR-940 maintains SRC-mediated oncogenic activity in cancer cells: a possible role for exosomal disposal of tumor suppressor miRNAs.

Exosomes have emerged as important mediators of diverse biological functions including tumor suppression, tumor progression, invasion, immune escape and cell-to-cell communication, through the release of molecules such as mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. Here, we identified differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs between normal epithelial ovarian cell line and both resistant and sensitive ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines. We found miR-940 as abundant in exosomes from SKOV3-IP1, HeyA8, and HeyA8-MDR cells.

Exosomes: From Garbage Bins to Promising Therapeutic Targets.

Intercellular communication via cell-released vesicles is a very important process for both normal and tumor cells. Cell communication may involve exosomes, small vesicles of endocytic origin that are released by all types of cells and are found in abundance in body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, and breast milk. Exosomes have been shown to carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and even DNA out of cells.

Hydroxychloroquine augments early virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C patients.

The therapeutic effect of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) alfa-2a combined with ribavirin (RBV) on chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients is low and further efforts are required to optimize this therapy for achievement of higher rates of virological response. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in combination with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin on early virological response (EVR) in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients. Naïve 120 Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection were divided into two groups.

Coadministration of ezetimibe with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin could improve early virological response in chronic hepatitis C obese Egyptian patients.

Background: Ezetimibe has been reported to inhibit viral entry and to reduce BMI and has been proposed as a novel therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis C (CHC), potentiating the effects of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV).

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of ezetimibe coadministration with peg-IFN/RBV combination on the early virological response (EVR) rates in nonobese and obese patients with CHC genotype 4 (CHC-4).

Patients And Methods: A total of 144 CHC-4 patients were divided into two groups; group 1 included nonobese patients (n=76) and group 2 included obese patients (n=68).

Mangiferin Mitigates Gastric Ulcer in Ischemia/ Reperfused Rats: Involvement of PPAR-γ, NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways.

Mangiferin (MF), a xanthonoid from Mangifera indica, has been proved to have antisecretory and antioxidant gastroprotective effects against different gastric ulcer models; however, its molecular mechanism has not been previously elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test its modulatory effect on several signaling pathways using the ischemia/reperfusion model for the first time. Animals were treated with MF, omeprazole (OMP), and the vehicle.

Lipoic acid attenuates Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats.

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanistic aspect of Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity and its protection by lipoic acid. The adult male Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control.

Effect of green tea and its polyphenols on mouse liver.

Increased consumption of green tea (GT) without enough scientific data has raised safety concerns. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the most prominent polyphenol of GT that has antioxidant activity. However, higher doses of EGCG have been shown to cause liver injury.

Hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against acrylonitrile-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Acrylonitrile is a potent hepatotoxic, mutagen, and carcinogen. A role for free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in the toxicity of acrylonitrile has been suggested. The present study was designed to assess the hepatoprotective effect of quercetin against acrylonitrile-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid against cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: a possible mechanism of action.

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether, and how then, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could alleviate the cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity. Three main groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with CsA (25 mg/kg), DHA (100 mg/kg), and CsA along with DHA. A corresponding control group was also used.

Hesperidin, an antioxidant flavonoid, prevents acrylonitrile-induced oxidative stress in rat brain.

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a volatile, toxic liquid used as a monomer in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, styrene plastics, acrylic fiber, and adhesives. ACN is a potent neurotoxin. A role for free radical mediated lipid peroxidation in the toxicity of ACN has been suggested.

Protective effect of captopril against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

This study has been initiated to determine whether captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor containing sulfhydryl (-SH) group can protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg bwt) injected i.

Abatement by naringenin of doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.

Background: Doxorubicin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in current use. It has proven efficacy in various malignancies either alone or combined with other cytocidal agents. The clinical usefulness of the anthracycline drug has been precluded by cardiac toxicity.

Anticlastogenic activity of thymoquinone against benzo(a)pyrene in mice.

Thymoquione (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds, has been shown to protect mice against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced forestomach carcinogenesis. The present investigation was undertaken to study the possible chemopreventive activity of TQ, supplemented in the drinking water, against B(a)P-induced chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in mouse bone marrow cells. Male Swiss albino mice received TQ (0.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) diminishes adriamycin-induced hyperlipidaemic nephrotoxicity in rats: association with nitric oxide production.

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of a standardized preparation of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the hyperlipidaemic nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by a single intravenous injection (5 mg/kg) of adriamycin. EGb 761 was received daily thereafter by a gavage at the dose of 100 mg/kg for 35 consecutive days. EGb 761 administration significantly attenuated adriamycin-induced renal dysfunction, as assessed by measuring serum lipid profile, serum total protein, serum urea and Ccr (creatinine clearance).