Teaching hypospadias repair by utilising a novel 3D-printed silicon model: An initial assessment using structured trainee and trainer feedback.

Introduction: Simulated paediatric surgical training is inherently advantageous and flourishing. Moreover, several working conditions resulted in reduced training hours, index and subspecialty cases encountered, and the COVID-19 pandemic affected elective surgery backlogs, hence training opportunities. Hypospadias repair is technically-demanding and requires a spectrum of dissective and reconstructive skills.

Modified versus Classical Tubularised Incised Plate Urethroplasty in Hypospadias: A Comparative Study.

Background: Hypospadias is a wide-world congenital malformation that accounts for 1 of 300 live male births. Many procedures were considered for its management. As the tubularised incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty, the most prevalent technique, caused many complications, several modifications were applied to the original operation to improve the outcomes and alleviate complications.

Comparative Study between Modified Millard and White Roll Vermilion Flap Techniques in Unilateral Lip Repair: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Background: Cleft lip and palate, which affects 0.5-1.6 out of every 1000 live births, is the most prevalent congenital defect of the head and neck.

Patent processus vaginalis: role of ultrasound in pediatric population with unilateral inguinal hernia and other predictors.

Introduction: Inguinal hernia (IH) repair is a common procedure in the daily practice of pediatric surgeons. In a developing country with limited facilities, it is important to be able to predict and diagnose contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) to avoid the risk and cost of further surgery.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of CPPV, using laparoscopic evaluation as a confirmatory test.

Effect of Intravenous Ketamine Infusion on Hemodynamics of Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery after Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.

Objective: Hypotension is the most frequent side effect of intrathecal anaesthesia, with an incidence of more than 80%. Following neuraxial anaesthesia, perioperative shivering is a serious complication affecting 40-60% of patients undergoing surgery. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of low-dose ketamine on blood pressure in patients undergoing cesarean delivery after spinal anaesthesia.

Assessment of Concordance between Chairside Ultrasonography and Digital Palpation in Detecting Myofascial Trigger Points in Masticatory Myofascial Pain Syndrome.

Introduction: Masticatory myofascial pain is a musculoligamentous syndrome that can mimic odontogenic pain. Pain referral to odontogenic structures can be traced to hyperirritated myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). This pragmatic study evaluated the concordance between ultrasonography and palpation in detecting MTrPs in the masseter and temporalis muscles.

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in bladder exstrophy, a new modified solution to an old problem: A cohort study.

Purpose: Open inguinal hernia repair in children with bladder exstrophy is challenging and associated with a high recurrence rate (15%-22%). We report our initial experience with laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias in five children with repaired bladder exstrophy. This study is the third describing inguinal hernia repair in bladder exstrophy patients using the laparoscopic approach.

The dilemma after an unforeseen aortic arch anomalies at thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia: Is curtailing surgery still a necessity?

Background And Objective: There are several forms of relevant epi-aortic branching anomalies, and perhaps that is why different views as to the best approach have been reported. To help resolve this dilemma, we examined the unforeseen arch anomalies found at thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia and the outcomes.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort, all consecutive patients who were thoracoscopically approached for esophageal atresia over a 5-year period with unforeseen aortic/epi-aortic branching were identified and grouped.

The applications of ultrasound, and ultrasonography in dentistry: a scoping review of the literature.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to summarize the available literature on the clinical applications of ultrasonography and ultrasound in diagnostic, therapeutic, and interventional dental applications.

Materials And Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and conducted a protocol-driven scoping review of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and case series that assessed ultrasonography or ultrasound use as a stand-alone diagnostic, therapeutic, and interventional tool in dentistry. We included studies published after 1980, study samples ≥ 10, with diagnostic, concordance, or therapeutic outcomes.

Masticatory Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Implications for Endodontists.

Introduction: Masticatory myofascial pain syndrome can present similarly to other dental conditions in odontogenetic structures. Endodontists should be familiar with the symptomology and pathophysiology of masticatory myofascial pain syndrome to avoid misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment, and medicolegal repercussions. The aim of this review was to provide a foundational summary for endodontists to identify and correctly manage masticatory myofascial pain syndrome.

A Scoping Review of 4 Decades of Outcomes in Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment, Nonsurgical Retreatment, and Apexification Studies-Part 1: Process and General Results.

Introduction: Despite initiatives to standardize reports, variances in study design, outcomes assessed, and tools used are persistent in the literature. This review scoped the existing literature on endodontic outcome studies for future development of core outcome sets.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series (≥10 patients) published after 1980 including patients ≥10 years of age with any preoperative pulpal and periapical diagnosis in permanent teeth requiring nonsurgical root canal treatment (NS-RCT), retreatment (NS-ReTx), or apexification was performed.

A Scoping Review of 4 Decades of Outcomes in Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment, Nonsurgical Retreatment, and Apexification Studies-Part 2: Outcome Measures.

Introduction: Inconsistencies in the definitions of endodontic outcome terminology jeopardize evaluations of proposed interventions and patient care quality. This scoping review aimed to provide groundwork to develop a set of basic outcomes in endodontics.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series (≥10 patients) published after 1980 with patients ≥10 years of age with any preoperative pulpal and periapical diagnosis in permanent teeth requiring nonsurgical root canal treatment, retreatment, or apexification.

A Scoping Review of Four Decades of Outcomes in Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment, Nonsurgical Retreatment, and Apexification Studies: Part 3-A Proposed Framework for Standardized Data Collection and Reporting of Endodontic Outcome Studies.

Introduction: Despite initiatives to standardize and improve reporting of rapidly growing endodontic outcome research studies, issues related to missing and ambiguous information are still of great concern. In this article, we propose a framework for standardized data collection and a compiled checklist for reporting of various study designs on endodontic outcome.

Methods: A comprehensive search was carried out to locate randomized controlled trials, cohorts, case-control studies, or case series of >100 patients that reported on endodontic outcomes.

Thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a new anatomical reconstructive concept for tension dispersal at primary closure.

Background: Several measures were implemented among authors striving to tail off recurrence rates of thoracoscopic congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. In the presented study, we extended the use of rib-anchoring stitches to reorient the diaphragmatic muscle leaflets in the types B&C diaphragmatic hernias, to achieve tension dispersal at primary thoracoscopic repair.

Patients And Methods: Included in this study were early and late-onset lateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients, who had been operated upon in the years 2012 through 2018.

Outcome of thoracoscopic repair of type-C esophageal atresia: a single-center experience from North Africa.

Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia is gaining popularity worldwide attributable to availability and advances in minimally invasive instruments. In this report, we presented our experience with thoracoscopic esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) repair in our tertiary care institute. A prospective study on short-gap type-C EA/TEF was conducted at Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital between April 2016 and 2018.

Thoracoscopic versus conventional open repair of tracheoesophageal fistula in neonates: A short-term comparative study.

Purpose: Esophageal atresia with or without a tracheo-esophageal fistula is a challenging anomaly in neonates. Thoracoscopic repair is gaining popularity now in pediatric surgery community. The present study aims at comparing the short term outcomes of thoracoscopy versus classic thoracotomy for repair of such conditions.

Fetus in Fetu: Lessons Learned from a Large Multicenter Cohort Study.

Introduction:  Fetus in fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare condition of abnormal twinning during embryogenesis. Most publications are single case reports. We describe the combined experience of four large tertiary referral centers with FIF which were not previously reported or published, and thereby draw conclusions to establish criteria for the workup, diagnosis, and management including intraoperative risk.

Laparoscopic Diamond Antroduodenostomy for Postcorrosive Pyloric Cicatrization: A Novel Approach.

Background: Traditionally, Billroth I procedure or bypass gastrojejunostomy were the recommended approaches for management of postcorrosive complete gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), whereas Heineke Mickulicz pyloroplasty was recommended for moderate mucosal injury with partial cicatrization. In this study, laparoscopic diamond antroduodenostomy was carried out as an alternative minimally invasive approach for cases with pyloric cicatricial obstruction.

Patients And Methods: Between January and December 2017, children who were referred to Pediatric Surgery Department, Cairo University Hospital, with GOO as a consequence of caustic liquid ingestions were included in this study.

Neo-yoke repair for severe hypospadias: A simple modification for better outcome.

Background: Although staged repair for reconstructing severe hypospadias is more popular, various one-stage repairs have been attempted. Koyanagi repair (parameatal-based and fully extended circumferential foreskin flap urethroplasty) has enabled correction of severe hypospadias in one stage. However, its un-acceptably high incidence of complications has initiated a series of technical modifications, including the "yoke" repair.

Major penile injuries as a result of cautery during newborn circumcision.

Aim: To report a grading system for complications of male circumcision, and to represent our experience with salvage surgery for postcircumcision electro-cautery penile ablation injuries.

Patients And Methods: Circumcision injuries presented to our department between January 2010 and January 2015 were collected and graded into five categories according to the degree of penile injury, and the possibility for surgical reversibility.

Results: Salvage surgery was carried out on 5 cases of post circumcision total phallic loss (grade V injuries).

Timing and Outcome Concerns regarding Feminizing Genitoplasty from the Perspective of Egyptian Families of Girls with Virilized External Genitalia.

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in females leads to virilization of external genitalia and persistent urogenital sinus. There are controversies regarding the timing and outcomes of surgery. Deferring surgeries beyond childhood is difficult to implement in conservative societies, and may result in stigmatization and distress to individuals with disorders of sexual differentiation and their families.

Isolated Thoracoschisis: Case Report and Review of Literature.

A full-term male baby presented at day 2 postnatal with Riedel liver lobe, stomach, and much of the bowel herniating through a thoracic wall defect located just above and lateral to the left nipple. Operative conversion into a gastroschisis-like defect with construction of a silo bag was done. On thorough review of literature, it was found that this is only the second male infant reported with isolated thoracoschisis.

Gentamicin extended interval regimen and ototoxicity in neonates.

Objectives: To assess the extended interval regimen gentamicin associated ototoxicity in neonatal intensive care unit using hearing tests.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care were assessed; 110 neonates who had received gentamicin and 110 neonates who had not received gentamicin served as control group. Gentamicin group were further subdivided according to the duration of treatment into 50 neonates who had received gentamicin for 5 days or less and 60 neonates who had received gentamicin for more than 5 days.

Providing medical care in unfamiliar settings; experience of an Egyptian campaign in Uganda.

Medical service in many African countries is affected by the limited infrastructure and the lack of economic and human potentials. Uganda is one the countries that suffers from lack of physicians as well as shortage of many medical facilities with many endemic health problems such as Goiter. A surgical camp was done by an Egyptian team of 8 physicians; three general surgeons, one pediatric surgeon, two gynecologists and one anesthetist.