Assessment of the anterior osteotomy role in the restoration of normal pelvic floor anatomy for bladder exstrophy patients using pre and postoperative pelvic floor MRI.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior osteotomy in the restoration of normal pelvic floor anatomy in classic bladder exstrophy repair using pelvic floor MRI as an imaging tool for evaluation.

Patients And Methods: This study is a pilot prospective randomized controlled study that included 20 infants with classic bladder exstrophy older than three months with no history of previous surgical operations. All patients underwent complete primary repair and were randomized into two groups, with or without osteotomy.

Does renal transplant in children with LUTD improve their bladder function?

Much is still unknown about LUT function after receiving renal graft. Graft function was the main focus of different studies discussing the same issue. However, these studies ignored the effects of the graft on lower tract function and more demand for bladder cycling and growth of the child.

Rituximab as a Preemptive Treatment to Prevent Recurrence of Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Novel Approach.

Objectives: Primary idiopathic focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis is a serious disease, frequently progressing to end-stage kidney failure. Management of recurrence after kidney transplant is challenging despite multiple proposed therapeutic approaches. Available treatment for focal segmental glomeru-losclerosis recurrence is plasma exchange, intravenous cyclosporine, and rituximab.

Visual internal urethrotomy for management of urethral strictures in boys: a comparison of short-term outcome of holmium laser versus cold knife.

Purpose: To compare efficacy and safety of visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) using holmium laser (Ho:YAG) (group A) versus cold knife (group B) in children with urethral strictures. It may be the first comparative study on this issue in children.

Methods: This study compared Ho:YAG group, which was evaluated prospectively from January 2014 till January 2016, versus cold knife group, which was a historical control performed from March 2008 till February 2010.

Risk factors for urological complications following living donor renal transplantation in children.

The aim of this study was to detect possible risk factors for UC and UTI following pediatric renal Tx and effect of these complications on outcome. One hundred and eight children who underwent living donor Tx between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively included. Extraperitoneal approach was used with stented tunneled extravesical procedure.

The role of voiding cystourethrography in asymptomatic unilateral isolated ureteropelvic junction obstruction: A retrospective study.

Introduction: The presence of concomitant vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is uncommon. Nevertheless, the reported VUR coexisting with asymptomatic unilateral isolated hydronephrosis (AUIH) requiring pyeloplasty for correction of UPJO was of low grade and mostly resolved during conservative follow-up. Therefore, VCUG may be not indicated in these children except if voiding symptoms, urinary tract infection (UTI), dilated ureters, or bladder and ureteric abnormalities are suspected.

Dismembered Pyeloplasty in Infants 6 Months Old or Younger With and Without External Trans-anastomotic Nephrostent: A Prospective Randomized Study.

Objective: To compare the outcome of dismembered pyeloplasty in infants with and without external nephro-ureteric stent (ENUS) for treatment of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Methods: This is a parallel, randomized comparative study between October 2013 and September 2014. Thirty infants ≤6 months old with ureteropelvic junction obstruction indicated for dismembered pyeloplasty were randomly assigned (block randomization, closed envelope method) into two groups: group A (stentless) and group B (ENUS).

Lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children: A comparative study of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

Objectives: To compare outcomes of the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children.

Methods: From January 2010 to December 2014, single renal pelvic or lower calyceal calculi 10-25 mm in size in children (age ≤6 years) treated by either extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (64 patients) or the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique (54 patients) were included. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was carried out by using a Dornier electromagnetic lithotripter.

Semirigid ureteroscopy in management of large proximal ureteral calculi: is there still a role in developing countries?

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome and complications of the use of semirigid ureteroscopy (URS) together with intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy in the management of upper ureteral calculi >10 mm in diameter.

Methods: A total of 75 patients (41 women and 34 men), with a mean age of 48 years (range 25-60), underwent primary URS for solitary radiopaque proximal ureteral calculi 10-20 mm in diameter (average 13.1).

Dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl as adjuvant to propofol: comparative study in children undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Background: the present study was designed to compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl when combined with propofol during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children.

Methods: fifty children aged 3-8 years, the American Society of Anesthesiologists status I and II, scheduled for elective extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy were randomly allocated to receive a loading dose 0.7 μg kg over 10 min followed by maintenance infusion 0.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys: is rigid nephroscopy sufficient tool for complete clearance? A case series study.

Background: this study represents a case series to evaluate how successful is the rigid percutaneous nephroscopy as a tool for clearance of all stones in various locations in horseshoe kidneys.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2009, we carried out PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) for calculi in horseshoe kidneys in 21 renal units (17 patients) in our department. The indications were large stone burden in 18 units and failed SWL(shock wave lithotripsy) in 3 renal units.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in impacted upper ureteral stones: a prospective randomized comparison between stented and non-stented techniques.

Objectives: To assess the need for pre-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (pre-ESWL) stenting in management of impacted upper ureteral stones of size < or = 2 cm and to verify whether stenting would influence the success of therapy.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2008, a total of 60 patients with solitary, radio-opaque impacted upper ureteral stones measuring < or = 2 cm were divided into 2 equal groups: a stented group with a Double-J stent fixed pre-ESWL and a non-stented group treated by in situ ESWL. All patients were treated by ESWL using Dornier Doli S lithotripter.

Safety and efficacy of supracostal access in percutaneous renal surgery.

Background And Purpose: During percutaneous renal surgery, subcostal access is preferred because it carries no risk of injury to either the lungs or pleura. However, in some situations, a supracostal approach may provide more direct access and achieve a more satisfactory result than the subcostal approach. In this prospective study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of supracostal approaches in percutaneous renal surgery.