Linagliptin Mitigates TGF-β1 Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Tacrolimus-Induced Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Smad/ERK/P38 and HIF-1α/LOXL2 Signaling Pathways.

The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, a novel anti-diabetic medication family, are renoprotective in diabetes, but a comparable benefit in chronic non-diabetic kidney diseases is still under investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of linagliptin's (Lina) protective role in a rat model of chronic kidney injury caused by tacrolimus (TAC) independent of blood glucose levels. Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were equally randomized into four groups and treated daily for 28 d as follows: The control group; received olive oil (1 mL/kg/d, subcutaneously), group 2; received Lina (5 mg/kg/d, orally), group 3; received TAC (1.

Linagliptin ameliorates tacrolimus-induced renal injury: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1α/CTGF/PAI-1.

Background: Tacrolimus (TAC) is a frequently used immunosuppressive medication in organ transplantation. However, its nephrotoxic impact limits its long-term usage. This study aims to investigate the effect of linagliptin (Lina) on TAC-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanisms.

Protective effects of pterostilbene against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of pterostilbene against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Silymarin was used as a standard hepatoprotective agent. A single dose of acetaminophen (800 mg/kg i.

Acute hepatitis induced by glatiramer acetate.

Glatiramer acetate, a mixture of synthetic polypeptides able to prevent autoimmune encephalomyelitis in experimental models, is used as a treatment for patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. We report one case of glatiramer acetate induced hepatitis. Liver biopsy was consistent with a diagnosis of drug induced hepatitis and alanine aminotransferase returned to normal values after treatment discontinuation.