Comparative study between the free and immobilized cells of Bacillus velezensis AMA2 P164707 and Bacillus atrophaeus AMA6 OP225343 for acidic β, α amylases production and applied experiment.

Nowadays, acid-stable α-amylase demand is increasing in starch liquefaction processes. Four bacterial honey isolates, numbers 2 and 6 showed the highest amylase production on commercial starch as the sole medium component and were immobilized in alginate beads. The highest cell immobilization capacity was obtained by organisms' Bacillus velezensis AMA2 and Bacillus atrophaeus AMA6.

Cell immobilization for enhanced milk clotting enzyme production from Bacillus amyloliquefacien and cheese quality.

Background: Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity.

Enhancement of β-galactosidase catalytic activity and stability through covalent immobilization onto alginate/tea waste beads and evaluating its impact on the quality of some dairy products.

The current study aimed to evaluate the hydrolysis of whole fat milk (WFM) and sweet whey (SW) using β-galactosidase (β-gal) after covalent immobilization onto activated alginate/tea waste (Alg/TW) beads as a novel carrier. The optimum temperature for free and Alg/TW/β-gal was 40 °C and the ideal pH was 7.0.

Co-administration of xylo-oligosaccharides produced by immobilized Aspergillus terreus xylanase with carbimazole to mitigate its adverse effects on the adrenal gland.

Carbimazole has disadvantages on different body organs, especially the thyroid gland and, rarely, the adrenal glands. Most studies have not suggested any solution or medication for ameliorating the noxious effects of drugs on the glands. Our study focused on the production of xylooligosaccharide (XOS), which, when coadministered with carbimazole, relieves the toxic effects of the drug on the adrenal glands.

Hyaluronan: Sources, Structure, Features and Applications.

Hyaluronan (HA) is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is present in a variety of body tissues and organs. Hyaluronan has a wide range of biological activities that are frequently influenced by molar mass; however, they also depend greatly on the source, purity, and kind of impurities in hyaluronan. High-molar-mass HA has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiangiogenic properties, while low-molar-mass HA has opposite properties.

Burden of Illness of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with huge clinical and economic burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which can be curtailed by efficacious treatment. In order to achieve this, current treatment pathways for T2DM and associated costs need to be assessed.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort review was conducted to collect country-specific and patient-specific clinical data, over a minimum observation period of 5 years in the KSA.

Covalent immobilization of β-galactosidase using a novel carrier alginate/tea waste: statistical optimization of beads modification and reusability.

β-galactosidase has been immobilized onto novel alginate/tea waste gel beads (Alg/TW) via covalent binding. Alg/TW beads were subjected to chemical modification through amination with polyethyleneimine (PEI) followed by activation with glutaraldehyde (GA). Chemical modification parameters including PEI concentration, PEI pH, and GA concentration were statistically optimized using Response Surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD).

Causative bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit in Bahrain: Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after that. It is the most common infection encountered among intubated patients. VAP incidence showed wide variability between countries.

Implementation of community-based management of severe acute malnutrition in conflict affected regions: a case of South Kordofan, Sudan.

Malnutrition is the major cause of mortality and morbidity globally with undernutrition contributing about 45% of all deaths of under five children. Besides the direct effects of protracted conflicts, the macroeconomic crisis that has greatly increased the national inflation rate hence devastating the purchasing power, the COVID-19 outbreak, flooding, and the Desert Locusts have contributed to a food security emergency. Besides being among the most under resourced states, South Kordofan has experienced years of conflict resulting in displacement of people and extensive infrastructure destruction with high rates of malnutrition.

Protease immobilization on a novel activated carrier alginate/dextrose beads: Improved stability and catalytic activity via covalent binding.

Protease from Bacillus thuringiensis strain-MA8 was successfully immobilized onto activated Alginate/dextrose (Alg/dex) beads as a new carrier with immobilization yield 77.6 %. The carrier was characterized using Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer at every step of the immobilization process.

Carbohydrate microcapsules tailored and grafted for covalent immobilization of glucose isomerase for pharmaceutical and food industries.

Carrageenan is one of the most common carbohydrates utilised in the entrapment industry to immobilise cells and enzymes. However, it lacks functionality. Carrageenan has been grafted to produce fructose by covalently immobilising glucose isomerase (GI).

Serratus anterior plane block and erector spinae plane block in postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy: A randomised controlled study.

Background And Aims: Managing pain after thoracic surgery is crucial and the traditional methods have many adverse effects. We aimed to evaluate serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in acute pain control in thoracic cancer surgeries.

Methods: This randomised controlled, triple-blind study was performed on 90 patients, between 18 and 70 years old, scheduled for elective thoracic cancer surgery.

Handwashing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Students in Eastern Province Schools, Saudi Arabia.

. Lack of knowledge about appropriate handwashing practices has caused great concerns for human health, especially in the risk of many communicable diseases. The objective of the current study is to determine the level of handwashing knowledge, attitudes, and practices among school students in Eastern Province Schools, Saudi Arabia.

Effect of magnesium sulfate with ketamine infusions on intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in cancer breast surgeries: a randomized double-blind trial.

Background: Opioids are the cornerstone in managing postoperative pain; however, they have many side effects. Ketamine and Magnesium (Mg) are NMDA receptor antagonists used as adjuvant analgesics to decrease postoperative opioid consumption.

Objective: We assumed that adding Mg to ketamine infusion can improve the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy of ketamine infusion alone in cancer breast surgeries.

Corrigendum to "Catalytic, kinetic and thermal properties of free andimmobilized Bacillus subtilis -MK1 α-amylase on Chitosan-magnetic nanoparticles" [Biotechnol. Rep. 26 (2020) e00443].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.

Dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 infection: A case series.

Evidence supporting the use of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 patients is emerging. In this case series, we share our experience in using dexamethasone in five COVID-19 infected patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Modified Pectoral Nerve Block versus Serratus Block for Analgesia Following Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Modified pectoral nerves (PECSII) and serratus blocks have been recently used for analgesia in breast surgery, but evidence comparing their analgesic benefits is limited. This prospective randomized, controlled study aims to examine the analgesic efficacy and safety profile of ultrasound-guided PECSII versus serratus blocks in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy (MRM) for breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: One-hundred and eighty adult females scheduled for MRM were randomly allocated to three groups.

Susceptibility Assessment of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria to Natural Products.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of some natural compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Methods: Forty-three bacterial strains were collected. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were carried out for natural compounds including quercetin, , , and .

Removal of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds from aqueous solution by ferrihydrite decoration onto graphene.

Existing research on phosphorus removal from wastewater mostly focused on inorganic phosphorus while ignoring organic phosphorus, which has potential bioavailability. This study aims to provide an innovation for the development of advanced treatment material for both inorganic and organic phosphorus removal in water. In this study, ferrihydrite loaded on the graphene oxide (FeOOH-GO) composite adsorbent was synthesized by surface precipitation method, and its ability to remove both phosphate and diazinon as forms of inorganic and organic phosphorous from water was investigated.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel rice bran protein-cerium complex for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide residues from wastewater.

The removal of organophosphorus pesticides residues from wastewater of fruits and vegetables processing as well as other agricultural processes by a low-cost, environment-friendly, and efficient strategy is necessary. In this study, rice bran protein (RBP) was cross-linked with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN). The results showed that the cross-linking process generated new functional groups and significantly enhanced the chemical reactivity and adsorption capacity of RBP.

Catalytic, kinetic and thermal properties of free andimmobilized -MK1 α-amylase on Chitosan-magnetic nanoparticles.

strain-MK1 α-amylase was successfully immobilized on Chitosan-magnetic nanoparticles (Ch-MNP) that had been modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Optimization of Ch-MNP/PEI/GA beads modification by Central Composite design enhanced the immobilization yield (IY %) by 1.5-fold.

Impact of immobilization technology in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

The current demands of the world's biotechnological industries are enhancement in enzyme productivity and development of novel techniques for increasing their shelf life. Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immobilized enzyme systems allows an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple reuse of enzymes, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs.

Immobilization of xylanase on modified grafted alginate polyethyleneimine bead based on impact of sodium cation effect.

Alginate- polyethyleneimine gel beads modified by using 0.3 M Na were used for covalent immobilization of Aspergillus flavus xylanase. SEM images showed distorted structure with addition of Na that impaired the egg-box structure formation offered much covalent binding with xylanase.

Health Benefits of Fennel, Rosemary Volatile Oils and their Nano-Forms in Dyslipidemic Rat Model.

Background And Objective: Dyslipidemia is a major health problem that may lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the present research, a biological experiment was run on dyslipidemic rats to study the health benefits of the volatile oils (VOs) of fennel and rosemary in its original and nano-form using chitosan as carrier.

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups; normal control, dyslipidemic control and 4 test groups with dyslipidemia and treated by VOs of fennel and rosemary and their respective nano-forms separately.