A Meta-Analysis Examining the Effect of Perioperative Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Medications on Postoperative Wound Complications in Various Orthopedic Surgeries.

This meta-analysis was designed to compare the risk of postoperative wound complications in various orthopedic surgeries (OSs) affected by the perioperative use of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). The odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using dichotomous or continuous random or fixed-effect models, based on the meta-analysis data. This study incorporated 14 investigations conducted between 2005 and 2023, encompassing a total population of 19,021 individuals undergoing diverse OSs.

A meta-analysis examining the impact of obesity on surgical site wound complications in patients undergoing primary ovarian cancer surgery.

The meta-analysis sought to evaluate and compare the effect of obesity on surgical site wound problems in subjects after primary ovarian cancer surgery. The results found by this meta-analysis were analyzed, and then odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), at 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. These models might be dichotomous or contentious, random, or fixed effect models.

Target Blood Pressure and Combination Therapy: Focus on Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Combination with Either Calcium Channel Blockers or Beta Blockers.

Background: The target blood pressure has changed many times in the guidelines in past years. However, there is always a question; is it good to lower blood pressure below 120/80 or not? Control of blood pressure in hypertension is very important in reducing hypertension-modified organ damage. So, the guidelines recommend combining more than one antihypertensive drug to reach the target blood pressure goal.

Estimating Societal Cost of Illness and Patients' Quality of Life of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Egypt.

Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disease that causes substantial economic burden. This study aims to measure the DMD cost from societal perspective and the quality of life (QOL) of the Egyptian patients.

Methods: We conducted interviews with caregivers of patients with DMD.

A meta-analysis showing the effect of surgical site wound infections and associated risk factors in neonatal surgeries.

A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of surgical site wound infections and risk factors in neonates undergoing surgery. A systematic literature search up to January 2022 incorporated 17 trials involving 645 neonates who underwent surgery at the beginning of the trial; 198 of them had surgical site wound infections, and 447 were control for neonates. The statistical tools like the dichotomous or continuous method used within a random or fixed-influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the risk factors and influence of surgical site wound infections in neonates undergoing surgery.

Impact of different nebulisers' connections on aerosol therapy.

Background: Aerosol therapy has the advantage of a higher safety because of the local deposition of inhaled medication to the lung; however, the main drawback is the low and variable amount of delivered drug to patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different accessory connections on aerosol delivery from different nebulisers.

Method: This study consisted of 3 main models: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models.

Conscious sedation compared to general anesthesia for intracranial mechanical thrombectomy: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: Endovascular therapy is the standard of care for severe acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, but there is a debate on the optimal anesthetic approach during this therapy. Meta-analyses of observational studies suggest that general anesthesia increases disability and death compared with conscious sedation However, their results are conflicting. This meta-analysis study was performed to assess the relationship between the effects of general anesthesia compared to conscious sedation during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.

Ginseng Consumption Possible Effect on Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Ginseng is associated to the reduction of the risk of liver-cancer and some time is used as adjuvant therapy to treat liver-cancer, but its outcome remains uncertain. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the association between Ginseng consumption and liver-cancer.

Methods: By a systematic-literature search up to Decamber-2019, 9-studies included 13,766 subjects, 9235 Ginseng consumer.

The role of non-invasive ventilation in weaning and decannulating critically ill patients with tracheostomy: A narrative review of the literature.

Introduction: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is associated with several complications. Placement of a long-term airway (tracheostomy) is also associated with short and long-term risks for patients. Nevertheless, tracheostomies are placed to help reduce the duration of IMV, facilitate weaning and eventually undergo successful decannulation.

Non-invasive ventilation in patients with an altered level of consciousness. A clinical review and practical insights.

Non-invasive ventilation has gained an increasingly pivotal role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic and/or hypercapnic respira-tory failure and offers multiple advantages over invasive mechanical ventilation. Some of these advantages include the preserva-tion of airway defense mechanisms, a reduced need for sedation, and an avoidance of complications related to endotracheal intubation. Despite its advantages, non-invasive ventilation has some contraindications that include, among them, severe encephalopathy.

Asthmatic children and MDI verbal inhalation technique counseling.

Objectives: The present work aimed to study the role of metered-dose inhalers (MDI) verbal counseling on asthmatic children patients inhalation technique and their pulmonary functions.

Methods: In this study many children younger than 18 years old with asthma were collected from University hospital outpatient clinics throughout two years period Their MDI inhalation technique was checked and the number of MDI inhalation technique mistakes were detected and corrected at the first visit and every month for two more visits (three visits). Their peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) as a percentage of the forced vital capacity (FVC) were checked at every visit.

Evaluation of Disposable and Traditional Accessory Devices for Use With a Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler.

Background: The use of accessory devices with pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) enhances aerosol delivery and helps overcome any lack of patient coordination when using the pMDI. The use of accessory devices could be influenced by the efficacy, availability, and cost of these devices. The aim of this study was to compare drug delivery with the pMDI alone and with non-antistatic and antistatic accessory devices.

Impact of Advanced Patient Counseling Using a Training Device and Smartphone Application on Asthma Control.

Background: Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are among the most commonly used aerosol delivery devices. Poor lung deposition from a pMDI is often a result of incorrect inhalation technique. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of combining a newly released training device with a smartphone application (advanced counseling) in asthma control to the impact of traditional verbal training.

Effect of Oxygen Flow on Aerosol Delivery From a Nebulizer With a Holding Chamber.

Background: A new holding chamber was designed to be used with a vibrating mesh nebulizer to increase the total inhalable dose for patients. It facilitates intermittent and continuous nebulization as well as the optional supply of supplemental oxygen via a T-piece with a mouthpiece adapter. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen introduction in the new holding chamber on aerosol delivery using a vibrating mesh nebulizer.

Aerosol Delivery Through an Adult High-Flow Nasal Cannula Circuit Using Low-Flow Oxygen.

Background: There has been a growing trend toward delivering aerosolized medications using high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). In some cases, patients who do not require high-flow oxygen to maintain adequate oxygenation may benefit from aerosol delivery while receiving low-flow oxygen via HFNC. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the relative pulmonary and systemic delivery of salbutamol, with 2 different nebulizers, in patients with COPD receiving low-flow oxygen therapy through an HFNC.

Effects of Fill Volume and Humidification on Aerosol Delivery During Single-Limb Noninvasive Ventilation.

Background: The aim of this work was to determine the effect of fill volume and humidification change on aerosol delivery during single-limb noninvasive ventilation (NIV).

Methods: Four groups were recruited, each consisting of 12 subjects (6 females) with COPD receiving NIV. Groups 1 and 3 received inhaled salbutamol with a vibrating mesh nebulizer, and Groups 2 and 4 received inhaled salbutamol with a jet nebulizer.

Performance of Large Spacer Versus Nebulizer T-Piece in Single-Limb Noninvasive Ventilation.

Background: Predosing patients with COPD with salbutamol by using a pressurized metered-dose-inhaler (pMDI) as a bronchodilator was hypothesized to improve the distribution of the subsequent nebulized dose. This study determined the effect of a pMDI preliminary bronchodilator dose on the aerosol delivered by a mesh nebulizer during single-limb noninvasive ventilation.

Methods: Twelve subjects with COPD who received noninvasive ventilation were enrolled in a randomized, open-label, urinary pharmacokinetic study.

Effect of a Nebulizer Holding Chamber on Aerosol Delivery.

Background: A new holding chamber was designed to be used with the Aerogen Solo nebulizer to increase the aerosol emitted that reach the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this holding chamber with the nebulizer and determine its usability with other nebulizers.

Methods: The study was divided into 2 parts.

Inhaled salbutamol dose delivered by jet nebulizer, vibrating mesh nebulizer and metered dose inhaler with spacer during invasive mechanical ventilation.

Background: Patient receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) may benefit from medical aerosol, but guidance on dosing with different aerosol devices is limited to in-vitro studies. The study was designed to compare aerosol delivery with five different types of aerosol generators during IMV.

Method: In randomized design, 60 (30 female) mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients were assigned to one of 5 groups.

In-vitro/in-vivo comparison of inhaled salbutamol dose delivered by jet nebulizer, vibrating mesh nebulizer and metered dose inhaler with spacer during non-invasive ventilation.

Background: Patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may benefit from medical aerosol, but most guidance on dosing with different aerosol devices is limited to in-vitro studies. The study was designed to in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo compare aerosol delivery during bilevel NIV with three types of aerosol generators: metered dose inhaler with AeroChamber-MV spacer (AC), Aerogen Pro vibrating mesh nebulizer (PRO), and Sidestream jet nebulizer (SIDE).

Materials And Method: A bilevel ventilator with dry single limb circuit and fixed expiratory port was set in spontaneous mode with initial inspiratory and expiratory pressures of 20 and 5 cmH0, 1:3 inspiratory-expiratory ratio, and 15 breaths.

ERCC1 and ERCC2 as predictive biomarkers to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients from Egypt.

Background: The impact of Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and group 2 (ERCC2) expression levels on the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is still controversial. The present study was conducted to determine the predictive value of these molecular biomarkers in stage III and IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving oxaliplatin (OX)-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

Methods: The study included 80 CRC patients who received first line oxaliplatin based chemotherapy The expression levels of ERCC1 and ERCC2-mRNA and proteins were determined in the primary tumors by quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC); respectively.

Modelling of in-vitro and in-vivo performance of aerosol emitted from different vibrating mesh nebulisers in non-invasive ventilation circuit.

Substituting nebulisers by another in non-invasive ventilation circuit (NIV) involves many process variables which must be adjusted to ensure patient optimum therapy. However, there is a doubt when nebulisers use the same technology. Data mining technology based on artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms were used here to model in-vitro inhalation process and predict bioavailability from inhaled doses delivered by three different vibrating mesh nebulisers (VMNs) in NIV.

Three Gene Signature for Predicting the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronically Infected Hepatitis C Virus Patients.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At present, there is no predictive biomarker for the patients at high risk of developing HCC. In this study, we examined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3 innate immunity genes [2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) rs10774671, interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs12979860, and low molecular mass polypeptide 7 (LMP-7) at codon 49] besides cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection and susceptibility to HCC in genotype 4 (GT4) chronically infected Egyptian patients.

Montelukast as an add-on treatment in steroid dependant nephrotic syndrome, randomised-controlled trial.

Background: The underlying mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome (NS) are still under debate and the need for more effective and less toxic treatment is challenging. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist as an add-on therapy, and to explore the leukotriene (LT) biology in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted including 32 patients with SDNS who were randomly assigned to receive standard steroid treatment only [low-dose steroid (LDS) group] or standard steroid therapy plus montelukast (Montelukast group).