Association between digital smart device use and myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excessive use of digital smart devices, including smartphones and tablet computers, could be a risk factor for myopia. We aimed to review the literature on the association between digital smart device use and myopia.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched MEDLINE and Embase, and manually searched reference lists for primary research articles investigating smart device (ie, smartphones and tablets) exposure and myopia in children and young adults (aged 3 months to 33 years) from database inception to June 2 (MEDLINE) and June 3 (Embase), 2020.

Estimating malignancy risk of melanocytic choroidal tumours detected in the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

: The malignant potential of choroidal melanocytic tumours detected incidentally in the community is thought to be low, but this has not been assessed using a validated screening tool. An accurate characterisation of the malignant potential of these lesions has implications for resource allocation, service provision, education, and training.: MOLES (Mushroom shape, Orange Pigment, Large size, Enlargement, and Subretinal fluid) categorises tumours as 'common naevus', 'low-risk naevus', 'high-risk naevus', and 'probable melanoma'.

Prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australians with self-reported diabetes: The National Eye Health Survey.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australian adults with diabetes.

Methods: Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-indigenous Australians aged 50y or older (46.4% male) and 1738 indigenous Australians aged 40y or older (41.

Adult onset unilateral high myopia in a female patient: A case report.

Purpose: We report a rare case of unilateral progressive adult-onset myopia in a healthy 27 year old female patient.

Observations: The patient presented to our clinic in 2014 with gradual decrease in vision in the right eye since one and a half years. Her uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) in the right eye was 0.

Future burden of vision loss in Australia: Projections from the National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: Projections of Australia's future burden of vision loss will inform eye health service delivery.

Background: This study aimed to forecast bilateral vision loss in Australia from 2020 to 2050.

Design: Population-based survey.

Prevalence, associations and characteristics of severe uncorrected refractive error in the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: In Australia, nationally representative data of the burden and associations of severe uncorrected refractive error are scarce.

Background: To report the prevalence and characteristics of severe uncorrected refractive error in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Non-invasive in vivo hyperspectral imaging of the retina for potential biomarker use in Alzheimer's disease.

Studies of rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of human tissues suggest that the retinal changes that occur in AD, including the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), may serve as surrogate markers of brain Aβ levels. As Aβ has a wavelength-dependent effect on light scatter, we investigate the potential for in vivo retinal hyperspectral imaging to serve as a biomarker of brain Aβ. Significant differences in the retinal reflectance spectra are found between individuals with high Aβ burden on brain PET imaging and mild cognitive impairment (n = 15), and age-matched PET-negative controls (n = 20).

The prevalence of visually significant cataract in the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of visually significant cataract in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Methods: A total of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and over and 1738 Indigenous Australians aged 40 years and over, residing in 30 randomly selected Australian sites, were examined as part of the population-based National Eye Health Survey (NEHS). For those with visual acuity worse than 6/12, photos of the anterior and posterior segment were taken with a nonmydriatic fundus camera and assessed for cataract.

Prevalence of glaucoma in the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma in Australia.

Methods: This was a population-based study of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians (50-98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (40-92 years) stratified by remoteness. Each participant underwent a standard examination that included visual field assessment, tonometry and non-mydriatic fundus photography.

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Loss Among the Indigenous Peoples of the World: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Studies have documented a higher disease burden in indigenous compared with nonindigenous populations, but no global data on the epidemiology of visual loss in indigenous peoples are available. A systematic review of literature on visual loss in the world's indigenous populations could identify major gaps and inform interventions to reduce their burden of visual loss.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the prevalence and causes of visual loss among the world's indigenous populations.

Prevalence and characteristics of choroidal nevi: the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: Choroidal nevi are a common incidental finding on fundus examination. The National Eye Health Survey (NEHS, 2015-2016) provides an up-to-date estimate of the prevalence of choroidal nevi in non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.

Background: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of choroidal nevi among non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.

Vision loss in Indigenous peoples of the world: a systematic review protocol.

The objectives of this review are.

Prevalence and Causes of Unilateral Vision Impairment and Unilateral Blindness in Australia: The National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: This study determines the prevalence of unilateral vision impairment (VI) and unilateral blindness to assist in policy formulation for eye health care services.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of unilateral VI and unilateral blindness in Australia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted from March 2015 to April 2016 at 30 randomly selected sites across all strata of geographic remoteness in Australia.

Population-based assessment of visual acuity outcomes following cataract surgery in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey.

Aim: To assess the visual outcomes of cataract surgery among a national sample of non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians.

Methods: This was a population-based study of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians (50-98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (40-92 years), stratified by remoteness. A poor postoperative outcome in an eye that had undergone cataract surgery was defined as presenting distance visual acuity (PVA) <6/12-6/60, and a very poor outcome was defined as PVA <6/60.

Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Australia: The Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population globally. Currently, knowledge of the epidemiology of AMD in Australia remains scarce because of a paucity of recent population-based data.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of AMD in Australia.

The prevalence of vision loss due to ocular trauma in the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Background: To determine the prevalence of vision loss due to ocular trauma in Australia.

Methods: The National Eye Health Survey (NEHS) is a population-based cross-sectional study that examined 3098 non-Indigenous Australians (aged 50-98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (aged 40-92 years) living in 30 randomly selected sites, stratified by remoteness. An eye was considered to have vision loss due to trauma if the best-corrected visual acuity was worse than 6/12 and the main cause was attributed to ocular trauma.

Cataract surgery coverage rates for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians: the National Eye Health Survey.

Objective: To determine cataract surgery coverage rates for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Design: National cross-sectional population-based survey.

Setting: Thirty randomly selected Australian geographic sites, stratified by remoteness.

The validity of self-report of eye diseases in participants with vision loss in the National Eye Health Survey.

We assessed the validity and reliability of self-report of eye disease in participants with unilateral vision loss (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 in the worse eye and equal to or better than 6/12 in the better eye) or bilateral vision loss (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 in the better eye) in Australia's National Eye Health Survey. In total, 1738 Indigenous Australians and 3098 non-Indigenous Australians were sampled from 30 sites. Participants underwent a questionnaire and self-reported their eye disease histories.

Utilization of eye health-care services in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: National data on eye health-care service utilization will inform Australia's eye health policy.

Background: To investigate the utilization of eye health-care services by Australians.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Prevalence of retinal vein occlusion in the Australian National Eye Health Survey.

Importance: In Australia, knowledge of the epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion remains scarce because of a paucity of recent population-based data. The National Eye Health Survey (2015-2016) provides an up-to-date estimate of the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion in non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australian adults.

Background: To determine the prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in a national sample of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian adults.