Implication of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles-Bound Amyloid-β42 Oligomers in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The perplex interrelation between circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood.

Objective: This study aims to 1) analyze the possible cross-linkage of the neurotoxic amyloid-β oligomers (oAβ) to the human cEVs, 2) identify cEVs corona proteins associated with oAβ binding, and 3) analyze the distribution and expression of targeted cEVs proteins in preclinical participants converted to AD 5 years later (Pre-AD).

Methods: cEVs were isolated from 15 Pre-AD participants and 15 healthy controls selected from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.

Effect of ε4 allele on levels of apolipoproteins E, J, and D, and redox signature in circulating extracellular vesicles from cognitively impaired with no dementia participants converted to Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The substantial link between apolipoprotein E () ε4 allele and oxidative stress may underlie enhanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Here, we studied the impact of ε4 on the level of apolipoproteins with antioxidant activities along with oxidative markers in circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) and plasma from cognitively impaired-not demented (CIND) individuals converted to AD (CIND-AD).

Methods: Apolipoproteins E, J, and D and antioxidant response markers were determined in cEVs and plasma using immunoblotting, electrochemical examination, and spectrofluorimetry.

Levels of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Glyoxalase-1 in the Total Circulating Extracellular Vesicles from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Different Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Background: Growing evidence supports that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1) are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles secreted by almost all cell types, contribute to cellular communication, and are implicated in AD pathology. Recently, EVs are considered as promising tools to identify reliable biomarkers in AD.

Glutathione: An Old and Small Molecule with Great Functions and New Applications in the Brain and in Alzheimer's Disease.

Glutathione (GSH) represents the most abundant and the main antioxidant in the body with important functions in the brain related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative stress is one of the central mechanisms in AD. We and others have demonstrated the alteration of GSH levels in the AD brain, its important role in the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products and of acrolein, a by-product of lipid peroxidation.

Apolipoprotein E4-driven effects on inflammatory and neurotrophic factors in peripheral extracellular vesicles from cognitively impaired, no dementia participants who converted to Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: In brain, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in the neuron-glia interface and ensure the crosstalk between the brain and the periphery. Some studies now link the pathway dysfunction of the EVs to apolipoprotein E gene variant ( ε4) and the risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To better understand the role of ε4 in pre-clinical AD, we have determined levels of pathogenic, neurotrophic and inflammatory proteins in peripheral EVs (pEVs) and in plasma from cognitively impaired, no dementia (CIND) participants stratified upon the absence ( ε4) or the presence ( ε4 ) of the ε4 allele of .

Inhibition of Protein Glycation by Combined Antioxidant and Antiglycation Constituents from a Phenolic Fraction of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.).

Disturbed advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-oxidative stress axis is strongly linked to vascular complications observed in diabetes and other metabolic conditions. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is a medicinal plant used as an ingredient in foods and beverages and displays a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic effects.

Preventive effects of leaf extract on insulin resistance and inflammation in a model of high fat diet-induced obesity in mice that responds to rosiglitazone.

Background: (sage) is a native plant to the Mediterranean region and has been used for a long time in traditional medicine for various diseases. We investigated possible anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects of sage methanol (MetOH) extract in a nutritional mouse model of obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance, as well as its effects on lipolysis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Methods: Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated for five weeks with sage methanol extract (100 and 400 mg kg/day bid), or rosiglitazone (3 mg kg/day bid), as a positive control.

Role of disturbed fatty acids metabolism in the pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Background: Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (VED) is considered as a common complication among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested whether changes in fatty acid (FAs) classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with increased risk of diabetic VED along with related risk factors.

Methods: We assessed erythrocyte FAs composition, lipid peroxidation parameters and inflammatory cytokines among 72 T2D men with VED, 78 T2D men without VED and 88 healthy volunteers with similar age.

Evaluation of the maturity of organic waste composts.

Olive-mill wastes represent a significant environmental problem in Mediterranean areas due to their significant production during a short period of time. Their high polyphenol, lipid and organic acid concentrations make them phytotoxic wastes. Composting is one of the technologies used for the valorization of those wastes, producing a fertilizer useful for poor soils.