Toxicity of Macroalgae Extracts to Larvae of the Northern House Mosquito.

The continuous use of synthetic insecticides to suppress mosquito larvae has detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. Finding novel and target-specific bio-insecticides has become crucial. Here, the larvicidal and genotoxic activities of different extracts from and toward larvae were investigated.

Exploring steric sea level variability in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean: a three-decade study (1993-2022).

Sea level rise (SLR) poses a significant threat to coastal regions worldwide, particularly affecting over 60 million people living below 10 m above sea level along the African coast. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal trends of sea level anomaly (SLA) and its components (thermosteric, halosteric and ocean mass) in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean (ETAO) from 1993 to 2022. The SLA trend for the ETAO, derived from satellite altimetry, is 3.

A survey assessing the early effects of COVID-19 pandemic on oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons because of an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures involving the aerodigestive tract. The objective of this survey was to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) training programs during the early phase of the pandemic.

Study Design: During the period April 3 to May 6, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was sent to the program directors of 95 of the 101 accredited OMFS training programs in the United States.

Measuring the Costs of Limb Regeneration and Their Transgenerational Consequences in Two Nearctic Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

We examined the ability of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville to regenerate, during pupation, a foreleg amputated in the fourth instar. Leg regeneration was complete for 80.7% of amputated H.

Validation of degree-day models for predicting the emergence of two fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northeast Egypt.

We estimated thermal developmental thresholds (T ) and degree-day (DD) constants for the immature stages of two tephritid pests, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and Ceratitis capitata (Weidenmann). Males of both species were trapped in an Egyptian guava orchard during the fruiting seasons of 2016 and 2017 and trap catches were compared with peak flights predicted by the DD model based on local weather data. Ceratitis capitata had faster development than B.

Fitness costs of reflex bleeding in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis: the role of parental effects.

Reflex bleeding is an important antipredator defense mechanism in Coccinellidae. We examined the costs of reflex bleeding in larval and adult stages of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis on offspring fitness and reproductive performance through the comparisons between bled and control larvae, reciprocal crosses of bled/control beetles, and early and late clutch phenotypes. Beetles bled during their larval stage spent a longer time in development and weighed less than controls.

Improving the Lifetime Efficiency of Trimedlure-Dispensing System in Trapping the Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Using Polyethylene Matrix.

Detection of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is highly reliant on traps loaded with trimedlure (TML), a male-specific attractant. The successful application of attractants requires that constituents are placed in a suitable dispensing system to reduce volatilization and increase the effective field longevity of the attractant. A series of trials were conducted in different fruit orchards to test 1) the efficiency of a polyethylene-matrix plug in regulating the emission rate of TML 2) and the lifetime attractiveness of the plug compared to the cotton wick dispenser.

Beneficial effects of antioxidants in improving health conditions of sheep infected with foot-and-mouth disease.

The effect of multinutrient antioxidant treatment on sheep naturally infected with FMD virus was investigated in terms of general health conditions, serum proteins profile, and antioxidant/oxidant parameters. Twenty diseased sheep were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 5) and underwent certain therapeutic protocols for 8 weeks as follows: GI, infected not treated group; GII, infected and treated with the ideal and usual line of treatment against FMD virus infection; GIII, infected animals supplemented orally zinc methionine at a dose of 5 g/head/day and vitamin E with selenium-enriched yeast at the same dose level; GIV, infected animals received both the ideal treatment and antioxidants. The animals under experiment were clinically evaluated.

Limb Regeneration and Interference Competition Consequences on Foraging Efficiency of Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) to Their Prey, Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Regeneration of limbs lost during development has been recorded in a large number of species of hexapoda including many Coccinellids. Although regeneration has obvious survival and fitness benefits, it has also been demonstrated to impose costs on development, reproduction, and behavior. To investigate consequences of regeneration on foraging behavior, Coccinella undecimpunctata L.

Identifying Prognostic Factors That Influence Outcome of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Relapse in Saudi Arabia: Results of the Multicenter SAPHOS Study.

Background: The outcome of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first relapse (rAML) remains poor. Reported overall survival (OS) rates vary between high-income developed countries and those with fewer resources. The OS of rAML in high-income developing countries (HIDCs) has not been reported.

A Life Table for Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in a Temperate Zone of Northeast Egypt With Key Factor Analysis.

The American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is a perennial pest of leguminous crops in the Mediterranean region. A life table was constructed for L. trifolii infesting broad bean, Vicia faba L.

When Predators Avoid Predation by Their Con- and Heterospecific Competitors: Non-consumptive Effects Mediate Foraging Behavior and Prey Handling Time of Predators.

Aphids show highly aggregated distributions, and thus their predators tend to aggregate as well, creating conditions optimal to consumptive and non-consumptive (N-CEs) effects among competing predators, both conspecific and heterospecific. If predatory larvae are themselves potential prey for other predators, they may be also sensitive to N-CEs imposed by their con- or heterospecifics. A partitioned Petri-dish that permitted the passage of visual and chemical signals was used to examine the N-CEs of predator on foraging behavior of other predators, as prey themselves.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of childhood acute promyelocitic leukemia (APL) in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter SAPHOS leukemia group study.

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare form of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Survival rates exceed 80% in developed countries. Successful treatments rely on all-trans retinoic acid with anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Differences in Flight Activity of Coleomegilla maculata and Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Emergence, Mating, and Reproduction.

The flight activity of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was examined by observing tethered beetles in the laboratory. C. maculata were fed eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, as were larval H.

Egg Cannibalism and its Life History Consequences Vary with Life Stage, Sex, and Reproductive Status in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

Egg cannibalism is common in Coccinellidae, but its biological consequences have not been fully explored. We examined egg cannibalism by neonates, fourth instars, and adults of Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville for effects on development, reproduction, and progeny fitness. We also tested female adults for ability to avoid cannibalizing their own eggs and first-instar larvae, and both sexes for changes in cannibalism propensity following mating, all in the presence of ad libitum food [larvae: eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), adults: Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)].

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) 2011-2012: A comprehensive report on behalf of the Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplantation group (EMBMT).

Objective/background: The Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EMBMT) group has accumulated over 31 years of data and experience in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in hemoglobinopathies, severe aplastic anemia, inherited metabolic and immune disorders, in addition to a wide array of hematologic malignancies unique to this region. A regional update in current HSCT trends is highly warranted. We studied the trends of HSCT activities in World Health Organization-Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) region, surveyed by the EMBMT, between 2011 and 2012.

Comparative Life Histories of Greenbugs and Sugarcane Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Coinfesting Susceptible and Resistant Sorghums.

Host-plant resistance has been a fundamental component of aphid management in cereal crops. Over decades, various sources of resistance to greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were bred into cultivars of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, to counter recurring virulent greenbug biotypes.

Host plant mediates foraging behavior and mutual interference among adult Stethorus gilvifrons (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) preying on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).

Physical plant characteristics can influence predator foraging and their behavioral responses to each other. This study examined the searching efficiency and functional response of adult female Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant foraging for Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on castor bean, common bean, and cucumber leaves. Experiments conducted on leaf discs in arenas for 12 h revealed a type II functional response for S.

Does decline of lung function in wheezy infants justify the early start of controller medications?

Objective: To compare lung function in wheezy infants, with risk factors of asthma and with some immunological parameters which may be useful as predictors of subsequent asthma.

Methods: The data of 241 infants aged 5–36 mo, with recurrent wheeze (≥3 episodes of physician confirmed wheeze) prior to receiving inhaled corticosteroids or anti-leukotrine agents was retrospectively analyzed. They were subdivided into 2 subgroups; those with asthma risk factors (132 patients) and those without (109 patients) Also, 67 healthy, age and sex matched children without recurrent wheezes were taken as control group.

Foraging behavior of the coccinellid Nephus includens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in response to Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with particular emphasis on larval parasitism.

This study assessed the effect of parasitism of Nephus includens (Col.: Coccinellidae) larvae by Homalotylus flaminius (Hym.: Encyrtidae) on the predation rates of the predator on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.