Thyroid Nodules Cytopathology Applying the Bethesda System with Histopathological Correlation.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology remains a valuable screening tool for preoperative management of thyroid nodules. However, the rates of false-negative and false-positive diagnosis remain a challenge for pathologists.

Objectives: To assess the value of thyroid fine-needle aspiration as a screening tool and its accuracy of diagnoses relative to final histological diagnoses.

Epidermolytic Ichthyosis without Keratin 1 or 10 Mutations: A Case Report.

In this paper, the authors report a case of an 11-year-old boy with epidermolytic ichthyosis who presented with multiple scattered erosions and typical hyperkeratotic plaques over the face, upper and lower extremities, the trunk, palms and soles. Family history revealed an affected older male sibling and an affected first-degree female relative. In addition, there was a positive history of generations of consanguinity in the patient's family pedigree, increasing the probability of an autosomal recessive inheritance.

Spectrum of the KIT Gene Mutations in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Arab Patients.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, which originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal. These tumors are characterized by expression of CD117 and CD34 antigens and activating mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes. While KIT and PDGFRA mutations have been extensively studied in other populations, the spectrum of mutations in Arab patients remains unknown.

An Unusual Variant of Adenocarcinoma of the Left Colon Associated With Microsatellite Instability: A Case Report.

We report a case of colonic adenosquamous carcinoma with MSI-H (microsatellite instability-high) in a 43-year-old male who presented with bowel obstruction due to a circumferential mass involving the descending colon and splenic flexure. Microscopically, it showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes >3/high-power field, and mild peritumoral lymphocytic response. Immunohistochemistry was equivocal for MLH-1, PMS-2, and MSH-2, with retention of MSH-6 expression.

IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis in a 7-year-old Saudi girl.

Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare, benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, affecting the membranes of the digestive tract that involves lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, fat necrosis, and fibrosis of the mesentery. We report a child patient with a history of recurrent abdominal pain and fever who was found to have an intra-abdominal mass suspicious for malignancy. A tissue biopsy revealed the diagnosis of SM associated with IgG4-related systemic disease.

Oestrogen receptor/progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in breast cancer: a 9-year study at Princess Noorah Oncology Center, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the oestrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in Saudi Arabian patients presenting with breast cancer to Princess Noorah Oncology Center (PNOC) and to explore the correlation of these markers to each other, to tumour type and to grade.

Methods And Results: Pathology material and records of symptomatic patients presenting to the centre during 2001-2009 were reviewed for patients' age, tumour size, type and grade and ER/PR and HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) status using the Dako HercepTest Kit as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 IHC 2+ score cases, as per the 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines. There were 852 cases, with a mean age of 49years and a mean tumour size of 3.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in Saudi children: symptoms, histology and endoscopy results.

Background/aim: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by esophageal symptoms in association with a dense eosinophilic infiltrate currently defined as >15 eosinophils per high power field in the appropriate clinical context. This is the first pediatric study in Saudi Arabia to give the experience with EE and examine its symptom, histology and endoscopy results.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with EE at National Guard Hospital, Jeddah Between 2007 and 2009.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: extensive small bowel vascular lesions responsible for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome is a rare condition characterised by multiorgan venous malformations, in particular of cutaneous area and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We report here a child with chronic iron deficiency anaemia, melena and skin lesions. She had severe hypochromic microcytic anaemia.

Rapid evolution of a choroid plexus papilloma in an infant.

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is primarily found in children less than 2 years of age but can also be diagnosed prenatally. The presentation of a large CPP during infancy is not uncommon and surgical excision is usually recommended without delays. As a result, information about the growth rate of CPP during infancy is lacking.

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. Bilateral pulmonary nodules associated with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

We report a case of a 30-year-old female who had been treated periodically with steroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP over the last 10 years. Recently, during the course of investigation, she was found to have incidental asymptomatic multiple pulmonary nodules on chest CT. Following a needle biopsy to exclude malignancy, 2 nodules were excised and were histologically confirmed as pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma PHG.

Gastric malignancy: clinicopathologic spectrum and relationship to Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal cancer particularly of stomach is a relatively frequent form of cancer. Gastric H pylori infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Gastric carcinoma has been addressed by many articles in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the Middle East, while only a few addressed gastric lymphoma.