The independent association between 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile with APOE genotyping in obese cases with and without T2DM.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and APOE genotyping are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We wanted to find out if there was a link between a lack of 25(OH) vitamin D, HOMA-IR, and lipids and APOE genotyping in obese people with and without T2DM.

Methods: We divided 300 Egyptians of both sexes into three groups in a case-control study: 100 obese cases with a body mass index of more than 30, 100 obese cases diagnosed with T2DM, and 100 controls with a body mass index of less than 30.

Nanoscale electrochemical charge transfer kinetics investigated by electrochemical scanning microwave microscopy.

We show how microwave microscopy can be used to probe local charge transfer reactions with unprecedented sensitivity, visualizing surface reactions with only a few hundred molecules involved. While microwaves are too fast under classical conditions to interact and sense electrochemical processes, this is different at the nanoscale, where our heterodyne microwave sensing method allows for highly sensitive local cyclic voltammetry (LCV) and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS). LCV and LEIS allow for precise measurement of the localized charge transfer kinetics, as illustrated in this study for a ferrocene self-assembled monolayer immersed in an electrolyte.

Attoampere Nanoelectrochemistry.

Electrochemical microscopy techniques have extended the understanding of surface chemistry to the micrometer and even sub-micrometer level. However, fundamental questions related to charge transport at the solid-electrolyte interface, such as catalytic reactions or operation of individual ion channels, require improved spatial resolutions down to the nanoscale. A prerequisite for single-molecule electrochemical sensitivity is the reliable detection of a few electrons per second, that is, currents in the atto-Ampere (10 A) range, 1000 times below today's electrochemical microscopes.

High-Sensitivity Dual Electrochemical QCM for Reliable Three-Electrode Measurements.

An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EC-QCM) is a versatile gravimetric technique that allows for parallel characterization of mass deposition and electrochemical properties. Despite its broad applicability, simultaneous characterization of two electrodes remains challenging due to practical difficulties posed by the dampening from fixture parasitics and the dissipative medium. In this study, we present a dual electrochemical QCM (dual EC-QCM) that is employed in a three-electrode configuration to enable consequent monitoring of mass deposition and viscous loading on two crystals, the working electrode (WE) and the counter electrode (CE).

Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on the growth of hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is invariably detected in the serum and tumor tissue of anti-HCV-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The inflammation and cirrhosis caused by HCV could be the promoter for development of HCC or HCC could be the consequence of HCV infection independent of the effect of cirrhosis. The ability of the core protein of HCV to modulate gene transcription, cell proliferation and cell death by interacting with cellular genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation is involved in the pathogenesis of HCC.